NASA gears up for livestreaming mega event of Artemis I launch

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As the SLS rocket is scheduled for launch during a two-hour window that opens at 8:33 a.m. EDT Monday, Aug. 29, from Launch Pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center, NASA is planning to provide a wide coverage of prelaunch, launch, and postlaunch activities for Artemis I.

Artemis I will be the first integrated test of NASA’s Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, and the ground systems at the launch center in Florida, heralding future crewed flight test and future human lunar exploration.

The rocket and spacecraft have already reached the launch pad last week after the nearly 10-hour, four-mile trek from the Vehicle Assembly Building and a livestream of the rocket and spacecraft at the launch pad has been made available on the NASA Kennedy YouTube channel.

Live coverage of events will air on NASA Television, the NASA app, and the agency’s website, with prelaunch events starting Monday, Aug. 22. The launch countdown will begin Saturday, Aug. 27, at 10:23 a.m.

 

Artemis I set for launch / NASA

A live broadcast of the launch includes celebrity appearances by Jack Black, Chris Evans, and Keke Palmer, as well as a special performance of “The Star-Spangled Banner” by Josh Grobin and Herbie Hancock. It also will feature a performance of “America the Beautiful” by The Philadelphia Orchestra and cellist Yo-Yo Ma, conducted by Yannick Nézet-Séguin.

The first in a series of complex missions, Artemis I is an uncrewed flight test that will provide a foundation to extend human presence to the Moon and beyond. The mission will test the performance of the SLS rocket and test Orion’s capabilities over a period of about six weeks while on its travel that covers about 40,000 miles beyond the Moon and back to Earth.

Random acts of kindness make recipients feel elated

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Even though they often enhance happiness, acts of kindness such as giving a friend a ride or bringing food for a sick family member can be somewhat rare because people underestimate how good these actions make recipients feel, according to new research from The University of Texas at Austin.

The study by UT Austin McCombs School of Business Assistant Professor of Marketing Amit Kumar, along with Nicholas Epley of the University of Chicago, found that although givers tend to focus on the object they’re providing or action they’re performing, receivers instead concentrate on the feelings of warmth the act of kindness has conjured up. This means that givers’ “miscalibrated expectations” can function as a barrier to performing more prosocial behaviors such as helping, sharing or donating.

The research is online in advance in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.

To quantify these attitudes and behaviors, the researchers conducted a series of experiments.

In one, the researchers recruited 84 participants in Chicago’s Maggie Daley Park. Participants could choose whether to give away to a stranger a cup of hot chocolate from the park’s food kiosk or keep it for themselves. Seventy-five agreed to give it away.

Researchers delivered the hot chocolate to the stranger and told them the study participant had chosen to give them their drink. Recipients reported their mood, and performers indicated how they thought recipients felt after getting the drink.

Performers underestimated the significance of their act. They expected recipients’ mood at an average of 2.7 on a scale of -5 (much more negative than normal) to 5 (much more positive than normal), while recipients reported an average of 3.5.

“People aren’t way off base,” Kumar said. “They get that being kind to people makes them feel good. What we don’t get is how good it really makes others feel.”

The researchers also performed a similar experiment in the same park with cupcakes. They recruited 200 participants and divided them into two groups. In the control group, 50 participants received a cupcake for participating. They rated their mood, and the other 50 people rated how they thought the receivers felt after getting a cupcake.

For the second group of 100, 50 people were told they could give away their cupcake to strangers. They rated their own mood and the expected mood of the cupcake recipients. The researchers found that participants rated cupcake recipients’ happiness at about the same level whether they got their cupcake through an act of random kindness or from the researchers. What’s more, recipients who received a cupcake through an act of kindness were happier than control group recipients.

“Performers are not fully taking into account that their warm acts provide value from the act itself,” Kumar said. “The fact that you’re being nice to others adds a lot of value beyond whatever the thing is.”

In a lab experiment, Kumar and Epley added a component to assess the consequences of kindness. Participants first either received a gift from the lab store or were gifted one by another participant, then played a game. All participants who received an item were told to divide $100 between themselves and an unknown study recipient.

The researchers found that recipients who received their lab gift through another participant’s random act of kindness were more generous to strangers during the game. They divvyed up the $100 more equally, giving away $48.02 on average versus $41.20.

“It turns out generosity can actually be contagious,” Kumar said. “Receivers of a prosocial act can pay it forward. Kindness can actually spread.”

Wheat prices spike due to climate change: Study

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Rising temperatures are harmful to wheat yields. However, crop yields do not provide a holistic vision of food security. The impacts of climate change on wheat price, livelihood and agricultural market fundamentals are also important to food security but have been largely overlooked.

An international research team has now estimated the comprehensive impact of climate change and extreme climate events on global wheat supply and the demand chain in a 2 ℃ warmer world by using a novel climate-wheat-economic ensemble modelling approach.

The effect of CO2 fertilization could cancel out temperature stress on crops, with a slightly greater wheat yield under 2 ℃ warming as a result. However, increases in global yield do not necessarily result in lower consumer prices. Indeed, the modelling results suggest that global wheat price spikes would become higher and more frequent, thus placing additional economic pressure on daily livelihood.

The findings, by scientists from six countries, were published in One Earth on August 19.

“This counterintuitive result is initially driven by uneven impacts geographically. Wheat yields are projected to increase in high-latitude wheat exporting countries but show decreases in low-latitude wheat importing countries,” said lead author ZHANG Tianyi, an agrometeorologist at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Co-author Karin van der Wiel, a climate scientist at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, further explained: “This leads to higher demand for international trade and higher consumer prices in the importing countries, which would deepen the traditional trade patterns between wheat importing and exporting countries.”

Earlier researchers pointed out that trade liberalization would help mitigate climate stress via improving market mobility. The current research team revealed that such policies could indeed reduce consumers’ economic burden from wheat products. However, the impact on farmers’ income would be mixed. For example, trade liberalization policy under 2 ℃ warming could stabilize or even improve farmers’ income in wheat exporting countries but would reduce income for farmers in wheat importing countries.

“These results would potentially cause a larger income gap, creating a new economic inequality between wheat importing and exporting countries,” said WEI Taoyuan, co-author and an economic scientist at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research. ZHANG further explained more dependence on imports could lower the wheat self-sufficiency ratio, thus causing a “vicious negative cycle” for wheat importing and less-developed countries in the long term.

“This study highlights that effective measures in trade liberalization policies are necessary to protect grain food industries in importing countries, support resilience, and enhance global food security under climate change,” said Frank Selten, a researcher at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute and co-author of the study.

COVID mRNA vaccines are safe in patients with heart failure

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COVID mRNA vaccines are associated with a decreased risk of death in patients with heart failure, according to research presented at ESC Congress 2022.1 The study also found that the vaccines were not associated with an increased risk of worsening heart failure, venous thromboembolism or myocarditis in heart failure patients.

“Our results indicate that heart failure patients should be prioritised for COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters,” said study author Dr. Caroline Sindet-Pedersen of Herlev and Gentofe Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark. “COVID-19 vaccines will continue to be important for preventing morbidity and mortality in vulnerable patient populations. Thus, studies emphasising the safety of these vaccines are essential to reassure those who might be hesitant and ensure continued uptake of vaccinations.”

Patients with heart failure are at increased risk of hospitalisation, need for mechanical ventilation, and death due to COVID-19.2 Vaccination reduces the risk of serious illness from COVID-19. However, “Due to perceptions about possible cardiovascular side effects from mRNA vaccines in heart failure patients, this study examined the risk of cardiovascular complications and death associated with mRNA vaccines in a nationwide cohort of patients with heart failure,” said Dr. Sindet-Pedersen.

The study included 50,893 unvaccinated patients with heart failure in 2019 and 50,893 patients with heart failure in 2021 who were vaccinated with either of the two mRNA vaccines (BNT162B2 or mRNA-1273).3 The two groups were matched for age, sex, and duration of heart failure. The median age of participants was 74 years and 35% were women. The median duration of heart failure was 4.1 years. Participants were followed for 90 days for all-cause mortality, worsening heart failure, venous thromboembolism, and myocarditis, starting from the date of the second vaccination for the 2021 group and the same date in 2019 for the unvaccinated group.

The researchers compared the risk of adverse outcomes in the two groups, after standardising for age, sex, heart failure duration, use of heart failure medications, ischaemic heart disease, cancer, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and admission with heart failure less than 90 days before the first date of follow up. Dr. Sindet-Pedersen explained: “Standardisation imitates a randomised trial and is a way to obtain a better causal interpretation of the results from observational studies.”

Among 101,786 heart failure patients, the researchers found that receiving an mRNA vaccine was not associated with an increased risk of worsening heart failure, myocarditis or venous thromboembolism but was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. The standardised risk of all-cause mortality within 90 days was 2.2% in the 2021 cohort (vaccinated) and 2.6% in the 2019 cohort (not vaccinated), showing a significantly lower risk for all-cause mortality in 2021 versus 2019. The standardised risk of worsening heart failure within 90 days was 1.1% in both cohorts. Similarly, no significant differences were found between groups for venous thromboembolism or myocarditis.

Dr. Sindet-Pedersen concluded: “The study suggests that there should be no concern about cardiovascular side effects from mRNA vaccines in heart failure patients. In addition, the results point to a beneficial effect of vaccination on mortality.”

 

ACS team unveils a more environment friendly air conditioner

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Summer is in full swing in the U.S., and people are turning up their air conditioners to beat the heat. But the hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants in these and other cooling devices are potent greenhouse gases and major drivers of climate change. Today, scientists report a prototype device that could someday replace existing “A/Cs.” It’s much more environmentally friendly and uses solid refrigerants to efficiently cool a space.

The researchers will present their results today at the fall meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS). ACS Fall 2022 is a hybrid meeting being held virtually and in-person Aug. 21–25, with on-demand access available Aug. 26–Sept. 9. The meeting features nearly 11,000 presentations on a wide range of science topics.

“Just installing an air conditioner or throwing one away is a huge driver of global warming,” says Adam Slavney, Ph.D., who is presenting this work at the meeting. The refrigerants used in these systems are thousands of times more potent than carbon dioxide and can accidentally leak out of systems when they are being handled or disposed of.

Traditional cooling systems, such as air conditioners, work by causing a refrigerant to cycle between being a gas or a liquid. When the liquid becomes a gas, it expands and absorbs heat, cooling a room or the interior of a refrigerator. A compressor that works at about 70–150 pounds per square inch (psi) turns the gas back into a liquid, releasing heat. In the case of air conditioners, this heat is directed outside the home. Though this cycle is efficient, concerns about climate change and stricter regulations on hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants are spurring the search for more environmentally responsible ones.

Solid refrigerants could be an ideal solution. Unlike gases, solids won’t leak into the environment from A/C units. One class of solid refrigerants, called barocaloric materials, work similarly to traditional gas-liquid cooling systems. They use pressure changes to go through heat cycles, but in this case, the pressure drives a solid-to-solid phase change. That means the material remains a solid, but the internal molecular structure changes. The key structural aspect of these barocaloric solid materials is that they contain long, flexible molecular chains that are typically floppy and disordered. But under pressure, the chains become more ordered and rigid — a change that releases heat. The process of going from an ordered to a relaxed structure is like melting wax, but without it becoming a liquid, says Jarad Mason, Ph.D., the project’s principal investigator, who is at Harvard University. When the pressure is released, the material reabsorbs heat, completing the cycle.

A disadvantage of barocaloric systems, however, is that most of these materials require massive pressures to drive heat cycles. To produce these pressures, the systems need expensive, specialized equipment that’s not practical for real-world cooling applications. Mason and his team recently reported barocaloric materials that can act as refrigerants at much lower pressures. They’ve now shown that the refrigerants, which are called metal-halide perovskites, can work in a cooling system they’ve built from scratch. “The materials we reported are able to cycle at about 3,000 psi, which are pressures that a typical hydraulics system can work at,” says Slavney.

The team has now built a first-of-its-kind prototype that demonstrates the use of these new materials in a practical cooling system. The device has three main parts. One is a metal tube packed with the solid refrigerant and an inert liquid — water or an oil. Another piece of the device is a hydraulic piston that applies pressure to the liquid. Finally, the liquid helps transfer that pressure to the refrigerant and helps carry heat through the system.

After solving several engineering challenges, the team has shown that the barocaloric materials work as functional refrigerants, turning pressure changes into full temperature-changing cycles. “Our system still doesn’t use pressures as low as those of commercial refrigeration systems, but we’re getting closer,” says Mason. To the team’s knowledge, this is the first working cooling system using solid-state refrigerants that rely on pressure changes.

With the device now in hand, the team plans to test a variety of barocaloric materials. “We’re really hoping to use this machine as a testbed to help us find even better materials,” says Slavney, including ones that work at lower pressures and that conduct heat better. With an optimal material, the researchers believe solid-state refrigerants could become a viable replacement for current air conditioning and other cooling technologies.

The researchers acknowledge support and funding from the Harvard University Materials Science Research and Engineering Center, the Harvard Climate Change Solutions Fund, and the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation.

Super-fast electric car charging is here with Mida’s touch

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Despite the growing popularity of electric vehicles, many consumers still hesitate as it may take longer to power up an electric car than it does to gas up a conventional one.

Another concern is that frequent charging or speeding up the charging process can damage the battery and reduce its lifespan. Now, scientists have developed a superfast charging methods tailored to power different types of electric vehicle batteries in 10 minutes or less without harm.

The researchers will present their results Monday at the fall meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) Fall 2022, a hybrid meeting being held virtually and in-person on Aug. 21-25, with nearly 11,000 presentations on a wide range of science topics.

“Fast charging is the key to increasing consumer confidence and overall adoption of electric vehicles,” says Eric Dufek, who is presenting this work at the meeting. “It would allow vehicle charging to be very similar to filling up at a gas station.” Such an advance could help the US reach President Biden’s goal that by 2030, half of all vehicles sold should be electric or hybrid.

When a lithium-ion battery is being charged, lithium ions migrate from one side of the device, the cathode, to the other, the anode. By making the lithium ions migrate faster, the battery is charged more quickly, but sometimes the lithium ions don’t fully move into the anode. In this situation, lithium metal can build up, and this can trigger early battery failure and reducing the lifetime of the battery.

To address these challenges, Dufek and his research team at Idaho National Laboratory used machine learning to create unique charging protocols. By inputting information about the condition of many lithium-ion batteries during their charging and discharging cycles, the scientists trained the machine learning analysis to predict lifetimes. The team then analyzed to identify and optimize new protocols.

“We’ve significantly increased the amount of energy that can go into a battery cell in a short amount of time,” says Dufek. “Currently, we’re seeing batteries charge to over 90% in 10 minutes without lithium plating or cathode cracking.”

Going from a nearly dead battery to one at 90% power in only 10 minutes is a far cry from current methods, which, at best, can get an electric vehicle to full charge in about half an hour. While many researchers are looking for methods to achieve this sort of super-fast charging, Dufek says that one advantage of their machine learning model is that it ties the protocols to the physics of what is actually happening in a battery.

The researchers plan to use their model to develop and design new lithium-ion batteries that are optimized to undergo fast charging.

Early COVID-19 pandemic induced cancer survivors to reduce smoking: Study

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Recent study shows that during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of working-aged UAmerican adults without health insurance did not change despite increases in unemployment, and the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors decreased.

The findings, published by Wiley online in CANCER, studied individuals with and without a history of cancer. While cancer survivors often have high health care needs, they are more vulnerable to the effects of economic and health care disruptions, as happened during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

File Photo of Johns Hopkins Covid-19 map

Xuesong Han of the American Cancer Society, and her colleagues used data from the nationwide, population-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System—an annual household telephone survey—to examine changes in multiple health-related measures in 2020 among cancer survivors.

Among adults aged 18–64 years, the uninsured rate did not change significantly in 2020 despite huge job cuts. The prevalence of unhealthy behaviors, including sleeplessness and smoking decreased in 2020, and health improved, regardless of cancer history, showed the analysis.

Declines in smoking were greater among cancer survivors than among adults without a cancer history, it noted. “Our findings suggest that the pandemic may have motivated people to adopt certain healthier behaviors, and national and regional policy responses to the pandemic regarding insurance coverage, unemployment benefits, and financial assistance may have contributed to the observed positive changes,” said Han.

Sony opens Play Station 5 at 12 noon for pre-order in India, here’s how to book

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Sony’s PlayStation 5 and PS5 Digital Edition gaming consoles was made available in India starting 12PM today at Sony Centre, and other online retailers including Amazon India, Flipkart, Vijay Sales, Croma, Reliance Digital, Game the Shop, Prepaid Gamer Card, and Games the Shop.

Available at Sony Centre, the Play Station 5 gaming console will be available with a combination of Horizon Forbidden West game at a price of Rs 53,990 while the PS5 Digital Edition gaming console with the game will be available at a price of Rs 43,990.

Sony Centre said the pre – bookings will begin at 12PM today, deliveries for the Play Station 5 and Play Station 5 Digital Edition gaming console in India will start from September 5, 2022. On offer is an EMI option on the purchase of PlayStation 5 and Play Station 5 Digital Edition gaming consoles — Rs 8,998 for six months or Rs 17,996 for a span of three months.

Sony PS5 console

Sony’s next-generation gaming console – PS5 is available in two editions- the Standard and the Digital Edition, the latter supports physical Blu-ray discs.

Comes with lightning-fast loading with an ultra-high-speed SSD, deeper immersion with support for haptic feedback, adaptive triggers and 3D Audio, and an all-new generation of incredible PlayStation games.

PS5 Digital Edition

Besides lightning-fast loading with an ultra-high-speed SSD, the digital edition provides support for haptic feedback, adaptive triggers and 3D Audio, and an all-new generation of incredible PlayStation games.

Sony open PS5 for pre-booking in India

PS5 Digital Edition is an all-digital version of the PS5 console with no disc drive. You have to sign into your account for PlayStation Network and go to PlayStation Store to buy and download games.

PS5’s Digital Edition supports 16GB GDDR6 RAM and 825GB of internal storage with expansion support using PS5 SSDs. It is also the cheaper than the standard model and powered by an octa-core CPU based on Zen 2 architecture.

Kremlin denies Putin cancer rumors, so is CIA director

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Refuting the rumors that Russian President Vladimir Putin is fighting cancer, the Kremlin has stoutly denied such reports once again.

The Kremlin routinely rejected any speculation about Putin’s health. Last week, spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Putin felt “fine” and in “good health” before describing speculation to the contrary as “nothing but hoaxes”.

But the US intelligence community believes that Putin is suffering and he’s being treated for cancer, according to an assessment by the Newsweek. “Putin is definitely sick,” an official from the office of the Director of National Intelligence told the outlet, while noting, whether he’s going to die soon is “mere speculation”.

Two other officials, one from the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and a retired Air Force officer, also claimed to have access to a comprehensive intelligence assessment of Putin’s health, and said the outlook for the Russian leader is bleak, according to the report.

Missing from world stage

The assessment supports the theory that Putin was missing from the world stage for much of April because he was undergoing treatment for advanced cancer, the report said.

“Is Putin sick? Absolutely,” the retired Air Force officer said. “But we shouldn’t let waiting for his death drive proactive actions on our part. A power vacuum after Putin could be very dangerous for the world.”

The intelligence community also reportedly believes that Putin is increasingly paranoid about his hold on power and that he may have survived an assassination attempt in March.

File photo: The Prime Minister, Mr Narendra Modi formally welcomes the President of Russian Federation, Mr. Vladimir Putin to the BRICS Summit venue, in Goa on October 16, 2016.(PIB Photo)

“Putin’s grip is strong but no longer absolute,” one of the senior intelligence officers said. “The jockeying inside the Kremlin has never been more intense during his rule, everyone sensing that the end is near.”

The officials also warned that as Putin has become increasingly isolated, access to credible intelligence has become more difficult to obtain. “One source of our best intelligence, which is contact with outsiders, largely dried up as a result of the Ukraine war,” the senior DIA official said, noting that as Putin has fewer meetings with foreign leaders, there are fewer opportunities to learn about his condition.

Meanwhile, CIA Director Bill Burns merely said at the Aspen Institute’s annual security confab that Putin is “entirely too healthy”. He further said the rumors didn’t constitute “a formal intelligence judgment.” But asked directly if Putin was unhealthy or unstable, he said: “There are lots of rumours about President Putin’s health and as far as we can tell, he’s entirely too healthy.”

Chiranjeevi turns 67, promises new hospital in 1 year for cine workers

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Telugu superstar Chiranjeevi turned 67 on Monday and Jana Sena Party founder Pawan Kalyan joined scores of fans from across the country in wishing his elder brother a very happy birthday.

Taking to Twitter to express his birthday wishes to Chiranjeevi, who celebrates his 67th birthday on Monday, Pawan Kalyan wrote: “My wholehearted birthday wishes to my beloved brother whom I love, respect and adore. Wishing you good health, success and glory on this special day.”

Telugu actor Sai Dharam Tej, who’s also Chiranjeevi’s nephew, tweeted: “Wishing my constant inspiration and dearest mama a very Happy Birthday. May you continue to be the happy soul you are and inspire us in every sphere of life.”

Well-known production house PVP was among the scores of entities that greeted the Telugu Megastar on his birthday bringing into focus his next movie “Godfather”.

On their timeline, the popular production house wrote: “God to millions and Godfather to many! To a living legend, inspiration to one and all. May the force be with you Sir. A blessed year ahead, happy birthday!”

Chiranjeevi has announced on the occasion that he intends to build a hospital for the welfare of cine workers at Chitrapuri Colony in Hyderabad. Participating in an event earlier associated with Celebrity Cricket, the actor assured that the hospital would be operational by the time his birthday arrives next year.

Addressing the gathering, Chiranjeevi said, “I’ve got this desire to build a hospital at Chitrapuri Colony. I have been nurturing this thought for some time now. I want to build a hospital at least with 10 beds…This hospital should be beneficial to all cine workers, who come under the BPL category or who get daily wage.”

To be named in memory of his father, the actor promised:”I give you my word on this birthday of mine. It will be operational by the time my next birthday arrives. No matter how many crores it costs, I will do it. If someone is willing to partner this initiative, I will be happy to accomodate,” the actor said, explaining that he intended to undertake this mission as a mean to give back to the industry that had given him so much.

Meanwhile, Chiranjeevi’s upcoming action-entertainer ‘Bhola Shankar’ will hit screens on April 14, 2023, its makers announced on the eve of his 67th birthday. Taking to Twitter, the unit tweeted on the film’s timeline: “Wishing the swagster of Indian cinema Megastar K Chiranjeevi a very happy birthday. ‘Bhola Shankar’ arriving in theatres worldwide on 14th April 2023.”

Believed to be a remake of the Tamil blockbuster ‘Vedalam’, which featured Ajith, Shruti Haasan and Lakshmi Menon in the lead, sources say that the makers of ‘Bholaa Shankar’ have made small changes to the script to suit the tastes of the Telugu audience.

Keerthy Suresh reprises Lakshmi Menon’s role in the Telugu version and Tamannaah Bhatia replaces Shruti Haasan. The film is about the bond between a brother and a sister.

 

Global warming behind the rise of reptiles 250 million years ago: Study

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Sixty million years of climate change triggered the meteoric rise of reptiles around 250 million years ago, not a mass extinction of mammals as previously thought,said a new study.

Just over 250 million years ago, during the end of the Permian period, and start of the Triassic, reptiles’ rates of evolution and diversity started exploding, leading to a dizzying variety of abilities, body plans, and traits.

For the longest time, this flourish was explained by their competition being wiped out by two of the biggest mass extinction events (around 261 and 252 million years ago) in the history of the planet.

Harvard University palaeontologist Stephanie Pierce’s research shows that the evolution and diversification, seen in early reptiles, not only started years before these mass extinction events, but instead were directly driven by what caused them in the first place, rising global temperatures due to climate change.

“Climate change actually directly triggered the adaptive response of reptiles to help build this vast array of new body plans and the explosion of groups that we see in the Triassic,” said Tiago R. Simoes, a postdoctoral fellow in the Pierce lab and lead author on the study.

In the paper, published in the journal Science Advances, the researchers provided a close look at how a large group of organisms evolve because of climate change, which is especially pertinent today as temperatures continually rise.

In fact, the rate of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere today is about nine times what they were during the timeframe that culminated in the biggest climate change-driven mass extinction of all time, 252 million years ago: the Permian-Triassic mass extinction.

Artistic reconstruction of the reptile adaptive radiation in a terrestrial ecosystem during the warmest period in Earth’s history. Image depicts a massive, big-headed, carnivorous erythrosuchid (close relative to crocodiles and dinosaurs) and a tiny gliding reptile at about 240 million years ago. The erythrosuchid is chasing the gliding reptile and it is propelling itself using a fossilized skull of the extinct Dimetrodon (early mammalian ancestor) in a hot and dry river valley / Henry Sharpe

“Major shifts in global temperature can have dramatic and varying impacts on biodiversity,” said Stephanie E. Pierce, curator of vertebrate palaeontology in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

The study involved close to eight years of data collection as Simees travelled to over 20 countries and more than 50 different museums to take scans and snapshots of more than 1,000 reptilian fossils.

Smaller reptiles, which gave rise to the first lizards and tuataras, went on a different path than their larger reptile brethren, said researchers. Their evolutionary rates slowed down and stabilised in response to the rising temperatures.

It was because the small-bodied reptiles were already better adapted to the rising heat since they can more easily release heat from their bodies compared to larger reptiles when temperatures got hot very quickly all-around Earth.

Kushner narrates Capitol Hill insurrection in new book, distances from Trump

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Former President Donald Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner has distanced himself from the January 6 Capitol Hills insurrection and his father-in-law Donald Trump in his new book titled “Breaking History”, as the Congressional committee’s investigations on Trump’s alleged role began.

‘Breaking History’ is the latest memoir from a Trump administration official, this one from the former president’s son-in-law who also served as senior adviser in the White House and on his 2016 and 2020 campaigns.

The book, trashed by the New York Times, said he was flying back to Washington, D.C., from Saudi Arabia when he got a call from attorney Eric Herschman saying rioters had stormed the Capitol. But Kushner’s assessment of the riot, which led to multiple deaths and scores of injuries, is that the White House could not have known there would be violence on that day.

Jared Kushner, married to the Trump’s favourite daughter Ivanka Trump, also distances himself from the events of January 6, 2021, when a pro-Trump mob stormed the Capitol to try to stop Congress’ Electoral College vote count of the 2020 election results.

“The violent storming of the Capitol was wrong and unlawful. It did not represent the hundreds of thousands of peaceful protesters, or the tens of millions of Trump voters, who were good, decent and law-abiding citizens,” Kushner wrote, according to media reports.

“What is clear to me is that no one at the White House expected violence that day. I’m confident that if my colleagues or the president had anticipated violence, they would have prevented it from happening,” he said.

Kushner’s assessment that nobody in the White House expected there to be violence on January 6 stands in stark contrast with the findings of the House committee.

The book highlights a number of rivalries Kushner had with other administration officials, most notably former Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and former chief of staff John Kelly, among others.

UK roads to be decked up to welcome self-driving cars in 2025

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As the UK government is gearing up for self-driving cars from next year with a 100 million pound ($118 million) investment, vehicles with self-driving features will become a common sight by 2025.

The government is planning a new legislation which will allow for the safe wider roll-out of self-driving vehicles by 2025. “This enables the UK to take full advantage of the emerging market of self-driving vehicles — which could create up to 38,000 jobs and could be worth an estimated 42 billion pounds,” the UK government said in a statement.

The government’s vision for self-driving vehicles will also include 34 million pounds for research to support safety developments and prepare a more detailed legislation taking into consideration the possible performance of self-driving cars in poor weather conditions. Also how they interact with pedestrians, other vehicles, and cyclists will be looked into.

The government has confirmed 20 million pounds, as part of the overall 100 million pound, to help kick-start commercial self-driving services and enable businesses to grow and create jobs in the UK, following an existing 40 million pound investment.

The government said that self-driving vehicles could revolutionise public transport and passenger travel, especially for those who do not drive, better connect rural communities and reduce road collisions caused by human error. In future, these could be extended to provide tailored on-demand links from rural towns and villages.

 

Facebook losing ranking as ‘Top 10’ apps in US, BeReal in Top 5: Report

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Facebook, owned by Meta, has been loosing its rank among the Top 10 apps on the US App Store in 2022, said a report by TechCrunch.

An analysis of iPhone App Store data shows young consumers are easily shifting to newer social networks such as TikTok and now BeReal, leading to Facebook’s loss of its rank in the App Store’s Top Charts, said the report.

Last year, Facebook only fell out of the Top 10 free iPhone apps in the US seven times but in 2022, it has  already reached 97, indicating that Facebook may be losing ground fast as new apps push their way into the App Store’s top rankings.

Facebook’s app fell out of the App Store’s Top 10 apps just six times during the first half of 2021. In the first half of 2022, however, it has dropped out of this grouping a total of 59 times, per data provided to TechCrunch by app intelligence firm Sensor Tower.

It even once stayed out of the Top 10 for as long as 37 consecutive days in 2022, the firm noted, up from just two consecutive days in 2021.

Another analysis by data.ai, formerly App Annie, also reported similar findings but the number has been put at 4 times drop out of the Top 10 on iPhone in the US in 2021, compared with 110 days in 2022 so far.

April was Facebook’s worst month so far, as the app’s rank fell into the 30s on April 18, and then reached as low as No. 44 on April 21, when BeReal was climbing the App Store’s Top Charts, breaking into the Top 5.

As of now, BeReal is the No. 1 non-gaming app on the US App Store.

Covid raises brain complications, epilepsy risks in kids: Report

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A latest study has shown that not only adults but children who suffered from Covid-19 are prone to risk of cognitive deficit, insomnia, ischaemic stroke, nerve or psychotic disorders and epilepsy or seizures  months later.

The post-Covid risk trajectories differed in children compared with adults, said the team of researchers at the University of Oxford.  Published in The Lancet Psychiatry journal, the findings are based on a  data of 185,748 children found that post-Covid risk trajectories differed in children compared with adults.

In the six months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, children were not at an increased risk of mood or anxiety disorders. However, they developed “an increased risk of cognitive deficit, insomnia, intracranial haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke, nerve, nerve root, and plexus disorders, psychotic disorders, and epilepsy or seizures”.

Unlike adults, cognitive deficit in children had a finite risk horizon (75 days) and a finite time to equal incidence (491 days). “Children have a more benign overall profile of psychiatric risk than do adults and older adults, but their sustained higher risk of some diagnoses is of concern,” said the study.

A sizeable proportion of older adults who received a neurological or psychiatric diagnosis, in either cohort, subsequently died, especially those diagnosed with dementia or epilepsy or seizures.

Just after the emergence of the delta variant, increased risks of ischaemic stroke, epilepsy or seizures, cognitive deficit, insomnia, and anxiety disorders were observed, compounded by an increased death rate.

“With Omicron, there was a lower death rate than just before emergence of the variant, but the risks of neurological and psychiatric outcomes remained similar,” revealed the study.

The observational study extracted data from the ‘TriNetX’ electronic health records network, an international network of de-identified data from health care records of approximately 89 million patients collected from hospital, primary care, and specialist providers from the US, Australia, the UK, Spain, Bulgaria, India, Malaysia, and Taiwan.

Transcription service Otter limits access to archives, free users

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Automated transcription provider Otter has reduced the free hours for transcription from 600 to 300 minutes per month for free users, said the company on Thursday.

The popular tool to record interviews with real-time transcription is now limited for free access to 25 most recent conversations, with older ones available via paid mode only.

The company said it is making some big changes to its offerings for both free and paying customers, applicable from September 27. It will add Otter Assistant which will automatically join meetings (even if you don’t) on Zoom, Microsoft Teams, or Google Meet to capture and share notes and meeting insights.

“We’re also adding our recently launched ‘Automated Outline’ feature. Now you’ll have access to automatic meeting summaries curated and displayed in the Outline panel so you and your colleagues can easily access a summary of what was discussed,” said the company.

The company is also making changes to Otter Pro, including expanding Otter Assistant features, adding Automated Outline, raising the price, and changing other features and usage limits.

While Otter Pro annual pricing will remain the same at $8.33 per month (billed annually), the company will increase Otter Pro monthly pricing from $12.99 a month to $16.99 a month.

Otter Pro users will get 1,200 minutes of transcription per month, 90 minutes per conversation, 10 imports per month, 100 names aling with 100 other terms custom vocabulary with ‘no Dropbox sync’ (available on Otter Business).

TikTok in-app browser on iOS monitoring keystrokes, taps: Cybersecurity researcher

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Chinese short-form video app TikTok may be monitoring all keyboard inputs and taps via its in-app browser on iOS, said independent cyber-security researcher Felix Krause.

Founder of Fastlane that was acquired by Google, Krause said that when the user opens any link on the TikTok iOS app, it’s opened inside their in-app browser leveraging access to other information.

“While you are interacting with the website, TikTok subscribes to all keyboard inputs (including passwords, credit card info) and every tap on the screen, like which buttons and links you click,” Krause claimed in a blog post on Thursday.

From a technical perspective, it amounts to installing a keylogger on third-party websites and the company confirmed those features exist in the code but deneid that it was using them.

It proves that “TikTok injects code into third party websites through their in-app browsers that behaves like a keylogger. However, claims it’s not being used,” said the researcher. “This was an active choice the company made. This is a non-trivial engineering task. This does not happen by mistake or randomly.”

“Like other platforms, we use an in-app browser to provide an optimal user experience, but the Javascript code in question is used only for debugging, troubleshooting and performance monitoring of that experience – like checking how quickly a page loads or whether it crashes,” a company spokesperson was quoted as saying in a Forbes report.

 

BJP MLA detained ahead of comedian Munawar Faruqui’s Hyderabad show

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Hyderabad police on Friday detained BJP MLA T. Raja Singh who had threatened to burn down the venue of stand-up comedian Munawar Faruqui’s show scheduled to be held in Hyderabad on Saturday, just before he prepared to go there.

Raja Singh has been detained and shifted to Bolaram police station in a police vehicle. His supporters raised slogans against the state government and Chief Minister K. Chandrashekar Rao when police officials detained him from his office in Mangalhat. Some of them tried to block the police vehicle but were taken into custody.

Police had tightened the security at the MLA’s office since morning. He represents Goshamahal constituency in Hyderabad and had warned in a video that if the comedian goes ahead with the show, he would beat him up and burn down the venue.

Raja Singh alleged that Faruqui had hurt the religious sentiments of Hindus by making jokes on their gods after Munawar took to his Instagram account to announce his show “Dongri to Nowhere” in Hyderabad on August 20.

He had earlier planned to perform in Hyderabad in January but the show had to be canceled due to a surge in Covid-19 cases.

“In the past too, our idiot minister KTR had offered police protection and invited him, saying his event will be a great success. But even then, when Hindu groups across Telangana united to threaten him, he got scared and cancelled the event,” Raja Singh said, in a reference to state minster K.T. Rama Rao.

“I am seriously telling this. Everybody knows about the law and order in Telangana. I am telling KTR, if you don’t want this to deteriorate further, don’t allow the comedian in Hyderabad,” the MLA from Goshamahal warned KTR.

The BJP leader has also issued an open threat. “See what will happen, If they invite him. Wherever the program is, we will go and beat him up. Whoever offers him a venue, we will burn it down. If something goes wrong, KTR and the government and police officers will be responsible,” Raja Singh said.

Faruqui had announced his Hyderabad show on December 22, 2021, days after KTR had extended him an open invite to perform in Hyderabad, saying the city is truly cosmopolitan. he had also tweeted that he was receiving several calls and mails from Hyderabad to perform in the city.

50% companies planning job cuts amid economic downturn: PwC

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At least half of the companies worldwide are planning to cut jobs or prune bonuses and rescinding job offers due to the onset of a global economic downturn, said global financial monitoring firm PwC in its latest report.

In its “PwC ‘Pulse: Managing business risks in 2022” survey in the US, it said 50 per cent of respondents are reducing their overall headcount. “At the same time, respondents are also taking proactive steps to streamline the workforce and establish the appropriate mix of worker skills for the future,” said the report released on Thursday.

This comes as no surprise, after a frenzy of hiring and a tight labour market over the past few years, as “executives see the distinction between having people and having people with the right skills… For example, 50 per cent of all respondents are reducing their overall headcount, 46 per cent are dropping or reducing signing bonuses and 44 per cent are rescinding offers.”

More than 32,000 tech workers have been laid off in the US till July, including at Big Tech companies like Microsoft and Meta, and the worst has not been over yet, said the report.

India job cuts at 25K

In India, more than 25,000 startup workers have lost jobs since the pandemic and more than 12,000 have been fired this year, said the PwC report. “Consumer markets and technology, media and telecommunications companies, for example, are more likely to invest in automation to address labour shortages,” the PwC report mentioned.

At the same time, healthcare is seeing bigger talent challenges than other industries and is more focused on rehiring employees who have recently left.

The global consulting firm last month polled more than 700 US executives and board members across industries. With increasing economic uncertainty, 83 per cent of executives are focusing their business strategy on growth.

“On the whole, this generation of corporate leaders have minimal experience navigating a recession, yet with the possibility of one looming amid increasing geopolitical divides and skyrocketing inflation, they are bullish on their ability to handle what could be ahead,” said Kathryn Kaminsky, vice chair, trust solutions co-leader, PwC US.

Nearly two-thirds of businesses (63 per cent) have changed or are planning to change processes to address labour shortages, up from 56 per cent in January 2022, the report noted.

Google Search cracks whip on ‘low-quality’, non-original content

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Search giant Google has woken up to crack whip on repeated or copied content which is of low-quality in its search results with the roll out of a new algorithm. The search ranking update called the “Helpful Content Update” will start rolling out globally to English language users on August 22.

“We know people don’t find content helpful if it seems like it was designed to attract clicks rather than inform readers. So starting next week for English users globally, we’re rolling out a series of improvements to Search to make it easier for people to find helpful content made specifically by and for people,” said Danny Sullivan, Public Liaison for Search in Google.

This update will make sure that “unoriginal, low-quality content ” doesn’t rank highly in Search, particularly for online-educational materials, entertainment, shopping, and tech-related searches, he said in a blog post late on Thursday.

Over the past one year, Google has been making efforts to review content and framed the new rules to filter or vet the content online before showing them in search results. “For example, if you search for information about a new movie, you’ll see more results with unique, authentic information, so you’re more likely to read something you haven’t seen before,” Sullivan explained in his blog post.

Last year, Google kicked off a series of updates to show more helpful, in-depth reviews based on first-hand expertise in search results. “We’ve continued to refine these systems, and in the coming weeks, we’ll roll out another update to make it even easier to find high-quality, original reviews,” said the company.