A teenager and his two friends were reportedly beaten up in Delhi, the capital of secular and independent India. The incident happened in a park outside a school in outer Delhi’s Begumpur area, police said on Tuesday.
According to police, the incident took place on 26 March, when three boys from a madrasa called up the police control room. They were beaten in the park and let off with injuries on their bodies. They were sent to medical inspection.
One of the 3 boys told police that he was asked to chant "Jai Mata di" and his statement was recorded again and new sections were added. However, the fear-stricken boys refused to record it in the complaint under fear but apparently told their elders that they were asked to chant "Bharat Mata ki Jai" and beaten up for not doing so.
It remains to be seen how many more such incidents actually occur and are reported.
[tags, bharat mata ki jai controversy, muslim boys, madrasa boys beaten, delhi begumpura park incident, delhi police, anti-national, brain wash, india fascism, fascist india, bjp india, rss mindset,secular india, ]
While the series of declassification of files pertaining to Netaji are being declassified and released in bonhomie by the BJP government, it is intriguing to note that there is no word about the files in Japanese which were stuck in the cup boards of Indian embassy buildings in Tokyo, especially in the old Shiroganedai house where the Indian Charge d’ Affaires quarters is located and scores of files are buried in its garage.
Otherwise, the government has released second set of 50 declassified files relating to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Online on Web Portal www.netajipapers.gov.in by Minister of Culture Mahesh Sharmaon Tuesday, March 30, 2016, which consisted of 10 files from the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO), 10 files from Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), and 30 files from Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) pertaining to the period 1956 to 2009.
The First lot of 100 files relating to Netaji, after their preliminary conservation treatment and digitization, was put in the public domain by the government on 23 January 2016, on the occasion of the 119th birth anniversary of Netaji.
Apart from these 150 Netaji Files, the National Archives has 990 declassified files it received in 1997 pertaining to the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) from the Ministry of Defence, and in 2012, 1030 files/ items pertaining the Khosla Commission (271 files/ items) and Justice Mukherjee Commission of Inquiry (759 files/ items) from the Ministry of Home Affairs. All these files/ items are already open to the public under the Public Records Rules, 1997.
Here are some of the secrets unveiled with the latest declassification of the files:
Pakistan Angle: Upon India’s request during Indira Gandhi’s time, Pakistan’s then information secretary Altaf Gauhar had agreed to help New Delhi, on a condition that everything would be confidential. The request was made as the freedom fighter’s trip in 1941 was through Peshawar, Kabul, Tashkent, Moscow and Berlin. Gauhar was very close to ex-Pakistan president Ayub Khan and the nod must be having Ayub Khan’s approval.
Tokyo War Crime Tribunal: The War Crime Tribunal in Tokyo did not name Subhas Chandra Bose a war criminal as against the popular belief that Nehru sought to keep Netaji’s name out of the entire trial. A man named CC Chatterji of Lucknow wrote to the ministry of external affairs (MEA) on January 2, 1964 sought a panel to probe into this aspect but neither the MEA nor the defence ministry moved ahead in this regard.Finally, the Indian embassy in Tokyo confirmed the truth saying, "We have made inquiries with the Japanese Foreign Offices and academic circles here who have given a tentative confirmation that Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was not declared a war criminal. The question does not arise because he was never captured by the allies."
Even the permanent mission to the UN confirmed that Netaji’s name never appeared in the list of people tried for war crimes. "It is presumed that the reference to the judgment of the International Court in Tokyo is a reference to the judgment of International Military Tribunal of the Far East delivered on November 4, 1948. There does not appear to have any direct connection between the work of United Nations War Crime Commission and the work of this tribunal. From the judgment of the tribunal, it does not appear that Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose`s name figured in that list of person tried," the country’s permanent mission to UN said.
Meanwhile, the Faizabad district administration has opened the boxes belonging to "Gumnami Baba", whom many people believe was Netaji incognito who lived in isolation due to the war criminal tag.
The MEA and the Embassy of India in Tokyo should now concentrate on releasing the files in Japanese in its possession so that they can be translated and deciphered by researchers to know the details of Netaji’s stay in Tokyo.
[tags, netaji files, declassified files, released, online, tokyo records, mea, un permanent commission, national archives, released, www.netajipapers.gov.in,]
NASA has selected 36 fellows for its prestigious Einstein, Hubble and Sagan fellowships, including one Indian called Dheeraj Pasham from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, who will conduct research on “Quest for the Elusive Intermediate-mass Black Holes”.
Dheeraj Pasham
Dheeraj Pasham (“DJ”) received his Bachelor’s degree in Aerospace Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in 2004. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in College Park (2014) where he focused on X-ray timing studies to understand the nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources in order to answer the question of whether they host stellar-mass or intermediate-mass black holes.
As an Einstein fellow at MIT, he plans to apply and extend his expertise in time series analysis to (1) identify and weigh intermediate-mass black holes, and (2) address the many open questions concerning the tidal disruption of stars by supermassive and intermediate-mass black holes.
Each post-doctoral fellowship provides three years of support to awardees to pursue independent research in astronomy and astrophysics. The new fellows will begin their programs in the fall of 2016 at a host university or research center of their choosing in the United States.
“The selected fellows are some of the brightest, rising stars in the field of astronomy and astrophysics,” said Paul Hertz, director of Astrophysics at NASA Headquarters, Washington. “We look forward to the exciting discoveries they make that further our understanding of the universe.”
NASA researchers have developed a mini drone-like methane sensor that can fly and successfully tested it on a Vertical Take-off and Landing like any small unmanned aerial system (sUAS). The sensor, developed by JPL for use on Mars, will be used to detect methane with much higher sensitivity than previously available, especially in NASA’s next mission to Mars in 2018.
The tests were conducted in central California at the Merced Vernal Pools and Grassland Reserve, in partnership with Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI). The jointly conducted test of NASA’s Open Path Laser Spectrometer (OPLS) sensor also helps to detect methane in parts per billion by volume could help the pipeline industry more accurately pinpoint small methane leaks.
“These tests mark the latest chapter in the development of what we believe will eventually be a universal methane monitoring system for detecting fugitive natural-gas emissions and contributing to studies of climate change,” said Lance Christensen, OPLS principal investigator at JPL.
Researchers from JPL and the Mechatronics, Embedded Systems and Automation (MESA) Lab at the University of California, Merced, conducted the flight tests in late February. They flew a small unmanned aerial system equipped with the OPLS sensor at various distances from methane-emitting gas sources. Tests were done in a controlled setting to test the accuracy and robustness of the system, said NASA.
Next stage of testing later this year will feature a fixed-wing UAS, which can fly longer and farther so as to monitor natural-gas transmission pipeline systems, which are often hundreds of miles long and can be located in rural or remote areas.
A JPL mini methane gas sensor is flight tested on a small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) under a project to improve energy pipeline industry safety. The sensor enables methane detection with higher sensitivity than previously available for the industry in hand-carried or sUAS-deployable instruments.Credit: University of California, Merced.
Indian business sentiment fell for the first time in three months in March 2016 as companies faced lower demand amid rising input prices on the back of the weak rupee, though political atmosphere remained stable after the release of JNU student leaders.
The MNI India Business Sentiment Indicator, a gauge of current sentiment among BSE-listed companies, fell to 62.7 in March from 63.5 in February. The decline in sentiment was led solely by manufacturing firms, offsetting last month’s rise in confidence. In contrast, sentiment among construction companies rose significantly and service sector companies were also more optimistic about overall business conditions.
In spite of March’s decline, confidence picked up a little over the first quarter of 2016 as a whole. After gradually declining throughout last year, the MNI India Business Sentiment Indicator averaged 62.7 in the three months to March, up slightly from 61.3 in the December quarter.
In contrast with last month, fewer companies reported an increase in both new orders and export orders, and they were also less bullish on future demand. Nevertheless, companies expanded production and the expectations measure for new orders remained elevated at 68.2.
While politics ruled high in February over the JNU row when JNUSU leader Kanhaiya Kumar’s arrest on sedition charges turned highly volatile with many student protests across the country, their release made the month of March more or less politicall stable.
Minus politics, many firms faced higher prices for their inputs, with the Input Prices Indicator increasing 5.7% on the month to the highest since July 2015. Consequently, companies raised the prices they charged and expected them to increase further in the coming three months in anticipation of higher prices for raw materials.
Another factor that added to companies’ outlays was the depreciation of the rupee. Companies lamented that its weakness made their imports more expensive. The indicator measuring the Effect of the Rupee Exchange Rate fell further into contraction to 46.3 from 48.4 in February, the lowest since June 2015.
Commenting on the latest survey, Chief Economist of MNI Indicators Philip Uglow said, "The decline in confidence in March was relatively modest and sentiment is still up from the recent trough in December. Importantly most key measures in the survey have stabilised and turned upwards in recent months following the trend decline that has been in place since September 2014."
"It looks increasingly likely that the RBI will cut official interest rates at its April meeting. Note, though, that input prices as well as prices charged have been trending higher recently, which will likely limit the extent of monetary easing."
[tags, india business climate, india investment climate, politics, unrest, indicators, rupee value, impact, india business confidence,jnu row impact,]
Ananda Gajapati Raju, 65, former MP and twice state minister of Andhra Pradesh, died on Saturday after prolonged illness. His brother and Union Aviation minister Ashok Gajapati Raju rushed from Delhi to Vizag after learning the news.
He was rushed to the hospital from his residence in Vizag at 7.45 a.m. with respiratory problem and all efforts to revive him have failed and he breathed his last at 8.30 a.m.
Ananda Gajapati Raju from Vijayanagaram’s erstwhile ruling clan entered politics in 1983 as Bhimunipatnam MLA and was a senior leader in Telugu Desam. He also served as minister in the NTR cabinet twice during his political career. He was also known for his association with more than 108 temples, including the Simhachalam Varahalakshmi Narasimha Swamy temple and Ramatheerthalu temple near Vizianagaram.
Elder son of erstwhile Vizianagaram Raja Saheb P.V.G. Raju, Ananda Gajapati Raju became chairman of MANSAS (Royal Trust) after his father’s demise and was involved in running several educational and other institutions. He was also a journalist The Hindu for some period.
He is survived by his wife Sudha and a daughter, who were at the hospital when he died. Several principals of colleges run by the MANSAS and temple ROs paid their respects to Anand’s body at the hospital.
Later the body was shifted to Vizianagaram Fort and the last rites would be performed on the bank of Peddacheruvu as per the royal family tradition, said family sources.
NASA’s Cassini probe mission has sent images of Saturn’s moon Titan showing some tallest mountains on its surface measuring more than 10,000 feet.
The mountainous ridges called the Mithrim Montes showed three series of mountain ridges and the top measured 10,948 feet in height. Most of these mountain ridges are located near the equator. The region is called Xanadu.
“It’s not only the highest point we’ve found so far on Titan, but we think it’s the highest point we’re likely to find,” said Stephen Wall of the Cassini radar team at NASA. Another observer of the Cassini radar team Jani Radebaugh said, “Titan’s extremes also tell us important things about forces affecting its evolution.”
The mountainous cliffs point at the evolution of a planet where forces have shoved the surface upward from underneath. Earth too has similar mountains and cliffs and the tallest mountain Everest is one such star example. The Himalaya and Andes Mountains still manifest such forces of nature underneath.
Cassini has found that Titan also has rain and rivers and some active tectonic forces causing quakes. Titan’s rotation, tidal forces from Saturn or cooling of the crust are some of its natural effects tied to this phenomenon.
Since its arrival in 2004, Cassini’s observations have changed whole dimension of saturn and its largest moon Titan. It has revealed that Titan’s surface is shaped by rivers and lakes of liquid ethane and methane, which forms clouds and causes occasional rains from the sky as water does on Earth. Winds sculpt vast regions of dark, hydrocarbon-rich dunes that girdle the moon’s equator and low latitudes, while volcanoes erupt spewing liquid water as the lava.
On its journey to Saturn, Cassini carried the European-built Huygens probe, which landed on Jan. 14, 2005, becoming humankind’s first landing on a body in the Outer Solar System when it parachuted through Titan’s murky skies. Currently, scientists are eager to get new data that could confirm the presence of a liquid ocean beneath the Titan’s surface.
Radar images do not present scenes as they would appear to human eyes but use radio waves beamed by the spacecraft that are reflected and scattered off of Titan’s surface in order to see through Titan’s opaque atmosphere. Bright regions indicate materials that are rough or that otherwise scatter the beam; dark regions indicate materials that are relatively smooth or that otherwise absorb radar waves. A side effect of this technique is the grainy pattern called “speckle” that typically is present in Cassini radar images.
This view was produced using a technique for handling noise in Cassini radar images, called despeckling, that produces clearer, easier-to-interpret views. Titan’s icy crust sits atop a deep ocean of liquid water that probably acts much like Earth’s upper mantle — the layer of hot, high-pressure rock below the crust that can slowly flow and deform over time.
This radar view was obtained on May 12, 2008 taken from a location at 2 degrees south latitude, 127 degrees west longitude. The incidence angle is about 34 degrees.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, Washington.
Google Map Makes JNU Symbol for Sedition, Antinational Search Strings Now.
Goole, which has some top brains in its Headquarters from JNU should be ashamed that its search engine etiquette surpasses basic tenets of slander and defame against an institution like Jawaharlal Nehru University for pointing at it for its Google Map search for sedition and antinational key words.
As shown in the image here, when you type the two words, JNU campus gate pops up as the answer and a red marker on JNU campus vividly shows Google’s endorsement of the campus for these search strings. Google Maps was either hacked or someone had intentionally made it to defame the campus, which has been defamed by the government crackdown on its students recently.
Despite Home Minister Rajnath Singh’s remarks in parliament, JNU has been the victim of hatred spread by the government crackdown based on ill-found videos in circulation or aired by ZeeNews recently and now that the case is sub-judice, the BJP-ruled government is awaiting a bigger onslaught on the campus on social media with Google falling in line.
JNU student leader Kanhaiya Kumar and two other JNU students were last month arrested for sedition and freed on bail later but the damage brought upon the unique institution of the country has been dented forever, thanks to Delhi Police which too has sevveral officers from JNU and no political party nor an educational institution has been without a JNU alumni.
The JNU Students’ Union (JNUSU) has asked the administration to file a formal complaint with Google. “We have been protesting against the branding of an institution as anti-national and now the search giant has gone a step ahead in certifying that,” said Shehla Rashid Vora, Vice President of JNUSU.
Last year, similar faux pas by Google angered the BJP when top 10 criminals string popped up Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s name.
Otherwise, JNU is already under duress from the over-vigilant administration which is raiding hostel rooms and even lecture rooms frequently. When students of the Centre of Law and Governance were recently viewing a movie by Anand Patwardhan, “Father, Son and Holy war”, the administration raided the lecture room apprehensive about screening some illegal movie. That is the state of affairs in the top univeristy of the country and the knee-jerk reaction of its benevolent administration.
Bollywood actress Deepika Padukone, who attended one of her best friend’s wedding in Sri Lanka recently was reportedly accompanied by her friend Ravneer Singh and her mother Ujjala Padukone.
While NDTV flashed some photographs of their presence at the wedding, Ranveer’s presence has raised eyebrows of many at the possible intimacy the actor has on the family of Padukones.
The pair is not new in Bollywoood functions but the fact that they went together with Deepika’s mother in toe has given scope to speculation that the family is also approving Ranveer Singh gradually.
However, both actors of Bollywood are currently serious about their professional commitments. Deepika is busy with the Hollywood movie ‘xXx: The Return of Xander Cage’. She is not actting in any Bollywood film this year.
Ranveer is acting in the forthcoming Yash Raj Films’ ‘Befikre’ with Vaani Kapoor. Though both of them have been paired by media, they have not made anything official to the media. They worked together in Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s 2013 film ‘Ram-Leela’ and in Bhansali’s next film ‘Bajirao Mastani’.
[tags, deepika padukone, ranveer singh,spotted, sri lanka wedding,ujjala padukone,]
Scientists were surprised to find fragments of DNA of extinct human species in 35 people living in islands off New Guinea in Melanesian tribes.
The DNA was traceable to two early human species: Denisovans, whose remains were found in Siberia, and Neandertals, first discovered in Germany.
D. Andrew Merriwether, a molecular anthropologist at Binghamton University, collected the modern-day blood samples used in the study about 15 years ago in Melanesia. This is the first time full genomes from those samples have been sequenced.
"Substantial amounts of Neandertal and Denisovan DNA can now be robustly identified in the genomes of present-day Melanesians, allowing new insights into human evolutionary history," said a team of international anthropologists who studied the DNA and compared it with ancient DNA samples. "As genome-scale data from worldwide populations continues to accumulate, a nearly complete catalog of surviving archaic lineages may soon be within reach."
These tribes have been there for at least 48,000 years but remained aloof and in isolation from the rest of the human race.
Earlier studies have revealed some genetic overlap of about 2 percent between Neandertals and non-African populations, and little or no Neandertal and Denisovan ancestry among Africans.
This new research suggests Neandertals and modern human ancestors intersected at least three times. It also found an overlap of between 1.9 and 3.4 percent in the genetic codes of Denisovans and modern-day Melanesians.
Skepticism about the new findings is entirely appropriate, said Merriwether, who specializes in reconstructing the past using samples from contemporary populations and ancient DNA from the archaeological record.
"Ancient DNA is always damaged and broken into small pieces," he explained. "You only need one molecule of modern DNA to outperform all the ancient DNA."
The human genome contains about 3 billion "letters".
Studies like this one may enable scientists to answer big questions about human migrations and evolution thousands of years ago.
The finding of the study were published in the journal Science.
[tags, ancient dna, melanesian tribes, denisovans, neandertal dna sample, living neandertal dna, mutant dna]
Since diabetes can only be controlled by an individual either by medicines, diet contrl or regular exercise, experts have come out with the finding that diabetes can be reversed if people who reversed it keep their weight considerably low.
A study by Roy Taylor at the Newcastle University showed that those with Type 2 diabetes who were able to loose their weight could also successfully reverse the chronic ailment because the excess fat remooved from the pancreas helped normal production of insulin.
The researchers studied 30 volunteers who have Type 2 diabetes for 10 years or less and found that it may not apply to those with more than 10 years of chronic ailment. Out of 30 volunteers, 12 had the ailment for less than 10 years and were able to reverse their condition and remain free from diabetes after six months, said the study published in Diabetes Care.
The volunteers reducedd their weight by a strict diet of 600 to 700 calories per day, mostly consisting of three diet shakes per day and 240 grams of non-starchy vegetables for 8 weeks. Later they returned to their normal food but within the control regime for next two weeks. Later, they ate only one-third of their normal food to maintain their weight loss.
For those who had diabetes for over 10 years, Taylor has an advice: “If you had the diagnosis for longer than that, then don’t give up hope – major improvement in blood sugar control is possible.”
Explaining the Personal Fat Threshold theory, he said:“If a person gains more weight than they personally can tolerate, then diabetes is triggered, but if they lose that amount of weight then they go back to normal.” It depends on each individual as to how much weight they can afford to keep their metabolism in tact, said Taylor.
Even 70% of those who are obese are not necessarily diabetics. Even the 13 volunteers who reversed their condition were either overweight or obese, but their insulin production levels remained the same, he explained. Taylor is planning a bigger sample of 280 volunteers to study the finding in-depth.
About two-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese, facing an increased risk for diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, osteoarthritis, stroke, gallbladder disease, sleep apnea and respiratory problems, while India is also increasingly facing the problem of obesity and overweight, thanks to modern life and TV viewing by kids and adults alike.
The Government said it has kept its promise with regard to the decision taken on 05 September 2015 to implement the demand of Ex-Servicemen for One Rank One Pension (OROP) and ensured that payments have been made in record time by issuing orders through a notification on 07 November 2015 by the Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare (ESW) of the Ministry of Defence.
In three months since the issue of these orders, the Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare (ESW) brought out detailed OROP tables on 03 February 2016, which are available on their website www.desw.gov.in. The 101 tables in these implementation orders contain revised pension of different ranks and categories overcoming the hurdles faced in 2012 when the implementation of CSC-2012 and 6th CPC had taken a longer time.
More than two-thirds of the Ex-Servicemen have now been paid the OROP arrears and the money reached the accounts of 13.02 lakh pensioners amounting to about Rs.2,293 crore. This amount has been released through Defence Pension Disbursing Offices (DPDOs), the State Bank of India (SBI) and the Punjab National Bank (PNB).
As on March 17, the DPDOs have released an amount of about Rs. 606 crore to about 3.20 lakh defence personnel. Of this amount, the SBI has released as of March 17 an amount of Rs. 1,337 crore to 7.75 lakh pensioners which includes Family Pension cases. The PNB has released as on March 17, an amount of about Rs. 350 crore to about 2.07 lakh pensioners which includes Family Pension cases, said a Defence Ministry statement.
Other Banks who have also been assigned the task of disbursement of revised defence pension to Ex-Servicemen have been directed to complete the process of payment latest by March end, it said. Those who have not received their payments or faced problems in receiving the payments, can file their grievances at the following web page of the DESW, http://pgportal.gov.in/pension/RegistrationForm.aspx.
As World Water Day is observed on March 22 since 1993 with the theme designated by the UN — "Better water, better jobs", several organisations such as UN-WATER and UN-HABITAT are organising the day officially on behest of the UN.
While the UN says that a billion people around the world still do not have access to safe drinking water, it has focused on creating more jobs related to water this year.
"Today, almost half of the world’s workers – 1.5 billion people – work in water related sectors and nearly all jobs depend on water and those that ensure its safe delivery. Yet the millions of people who work in water are often not recognized or protected by basic labour rights. The theme in 2016 — water and jobs — is focusing on how enough quantity and quality of water can change workers’ lives and livelihoods – and even transform societies and economies," it said.
The UN video on water revealed that half of all workers on Earth were employed in water-related sectors, though many of them were unrecognized and unprotected. The World Water Day is observed to create awareness about conservation and protection of water resources.
Also, a number of NGOs promoting water conservation, water harvesting and sustainable aquatic habitats organize activities to focus public awareness, attention and action on the local water issues.
Agasthyamala Reserve Joins UN Top 20 World Biospheres’ List
The Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve in Tamil Nadu and Kerala has made it to top 20 new sites added by the UN to its list of UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
The International Co-ordinating Council, which met in Lima, Peru on Saturday said with the addition of 20 more reserves, the total number of biosphere reserves will be 669 sites in 120 countries, including 16 transboundary sites. This year’s transboundary site is shared between Spain and Portugal.
“Located in the Western Ghats, in the south of India, the Agasthyamala biosphere reserve includes peaks reaching 1,868 metres above sea level. Consisting mostly of tropical forests, the site is home to 2,254 species of higher plants including about 400 that are endemic,” UNESCO said.
Set up in 2001, the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve (ABR) in Kerala and Tamil Nadu with several tribal settlements and biosphere. Other biosphere in India included in the list are the Nilgiris, Nanda Devi, Nokrek, Gulf of Mannar, Sundarban, and Great Nicobar. New biosphere reserves are designated by the International Co-ordinating Council of the UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme and its representatives come from 34 UNESCO Member States.
Under the biosphere program, protection is granted not only to the flora and fauna but also to the human, especially the tribal settlements in these reserves.
The following site joined the network this year:
Agasthyamala (India)—Located in the Western Ghats, in the south of the country, the biosphere reserve includes peaks reaching 1,868m above sea level. Consisting mostly of tropical forests, the site is home to 2,254 species of higher plants including about 400 that are endemic. It is also a unique genetic reservoir of cultivated plants especially cardamom, jamune, nutmeg, pepper and plantain. Three wildlife sanctuaries, Shendurney, Peppara, Neyyar and Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger reserve are included in the site. A number of tribal settlements with a total population of 3,000 are located in the biosphere reserve. They largely rely on biological resources for their sustenance and recent projects have been set up successfully to reduce their dependence on the forests.
Monts de Tlemcen (Algeria)—The 8,225 ha reserve is situated in the Province of Tlemcen, an area of great biodiversity, which also has major archaeological sites, cultural landscapes and caves and covers the same area as the Tlemcen National Park.
Beaver Hills (Canada)—Located in the province of Alberta in western Canada, this morainic landscape developed its characteristic Boreal-zone features of abundant wetlands, shallow lakes and rock formations during the progressive retreat of glaciers some 12,000 years ago. Today, the reserve comprises a mixture of lands modified by agricultural activity, mixed wood forests, grasslands and wetlands. The diversity of forest and upland habitats provided optimal conditions for bison, deer, elk and moose, as well as diverse and abundant waterfowl, and an abundant beaver population. Thirty-six plants and six plant communities within the moraine are considered sensitive due to low distribution within the province. Agriculture provides a livelihood to most of the biosphere’s 12,000 permanent inhabitants
Tsá Tué (Canada)—Located in Canada’s Northwest Territories, the area is the homeland of the Sahtúto’ine (The Bear Lake People). It includes Great Bear Lake, the last pristine arctic lake, and part of its watershed. The Taiga that covers much of the site is important to wildlife species including the muskox, general moose and caribou. The only human residents in the site are the traditional First Nation Dene Déline (whose name means “where the water flows”). Their community of 600 is established on the western shore of the lake, where they live off harvesting and limited tourism activity.
Lake Bosomtwe (Ghana)—Situated in the Ashanti region of Ghana, Bosomtwe comprises one of six meteoritic lakes in the world. The southernmost section of the site overlaps with the northern section of the Bosomtwe Range Forest Reserve creating a combination of forest, wetland and mountain ecosystems. The biosphere reserve sustains 35 tree species, including some used for timber. The site is also home to a great diversity of wildlife and to a human population of over 50,000 inhabitants whose main economic activities are farming, fishing and tourism as the lake is a major national tourist destination. The area is widely used for research focusing primarily on climate change, as well as environmental education for schools and universities.
La Hotte (Haiti)—Located in the south-east of the country the biosphere reserve encompasses both terrestrial and marine areas. The region is considered a biodiversity hotspot due to its wide climate range: from humid to subtropical dry. The reserve covers six mountain peaks culminating at 2,347m, as well as a coastal and marine ecosystem in the north (Iles Cayemites) and south (Ile-à-Vache). It is home to more than 850,000 inhabitants, whose main economic activities are farming, agroforestry, fishing, commerce, and handcrafts.
Balambangan (Indonesia)—The biosphere reserve in the province of East Java encompasses three national parks (Alas Purwo, Baluran and Meru) and one nature reserve (Kawah Ijen) with terrestrial and marine ecosystems featuring karst landscapes, savannah, and forests that are alpine/subalpine, upper, dry and lower montane (mountain), lowland, coastal and mangrove. The site also features seagrass beds, and coral reefs. Food crops and horticultural are among the main economic activities of the biosphere reserve alongside agroforestry (teak and mahogany).
Hamoun (Iran)—Located in the southeast of the country, the biosphere reserve includes terrestrial and wetland ecosystems with a total of seven habitat types, including desert and semi-desert areas, as well as Hamoun Lake, with its marshlands and watersheds. The three wetlands of the biosphere reserve are the most important in the region. The area is a hot spot for migratory birds (183 species) and home to 30 mammal species, and 55 plant species. The site is also valuable culturally due to the presence of important historical monuments and ancient temples such as Mount Kooh Khajeh and Shahr-e-Soukhteh.
Collina Po (Italy)—The biosphere reserve is located in the north Italian Piedmont Region and covers the whole Turin stretch of the River Po with its main tributaries and the Collina Torinese hillside. The river Po is the main reservoir of biodiversity in the Turin plain, partly due to the numerous wetlands along its course. Its physical and geological characteristics have led to the formation of numerous gravelly shores, oxbows and riparian woods hosting various species. These natural features are particularly valuable in a densely populated environment close to the city of Turin with its 900,000 inhabitants and other towns nearby.
Barsakelmes (Kazakhstan)—The biosphere reserve is situated in the Sahara-Gobi Desert zone of the Aral Sea basin. The Aral Sea region is a priority area for wetland conservation and several bird migration routes converge over the region. The territory of the proposed biosphere reserve is a valuable site to preserve the biodiversity of the Aral Sea. It numbers approximately 2,000 species of invertebrates, 30 mammal species, 178 bird species, and 20 reptile species. The reserve also includes four nomadic Kazakhs medieval archaeological sites that were part of the Silk Roads.
Belo-sur-Mer—Kirindy-Mitea (Madagascar)—Situated on the western coast of the island, the site includes watershed upstream and marine and coastal ecosystems downstream. It presents a mosaic of rich but fragile ecosystems such as dry forests, thickets, thorn forests, savannahs, salty swampy depressions known as “tannes”, mangroves and coral reefs. The reef is a feeding area of spectacular marine megafauna of whales (humpback), dolphins, dugongs and marine turtles. People in the area rely on these natural resources for their livelihood and income. The site’s marine biodiversity, islands and two sacred salted lakes that are home to the Lesser Flamingo (Phoenicopterus minor), are valuable assets for tourism. Aquaculture, pelagic fishing and salt production complement the development potential of the biosphere reserve.
Isla Cozumel (Mexico)—Situated off the south-eastern coast of the country, Cozumel Island encompasses diverse marine and terrestrial ecosystems rich in amphibian and reptile species. The main terrestrial ecosystems are medium semi-deciduous forests and mangroves. The biosphere reserve forms part of the second largest reef system in the world, the Mesoamerican Reef, which is home to 1,192 marine species. Nearly 80,000 people live in the biosphere reserve, mainly in the city of San Miguel. Tourism is the most developed sector on the island, which numbers close to 40 Mayan archaeological sites.
Atlas Cedar (Morocco)—Situated in the central Atlas Mountains, the biosphere reserve is home to 75% of the world’s majestic Atlas cedar tree population. This part of the Atlas Mountains is rich in ecosystems and its peaks, reaching up to 3,700 metres, provide the region with critically important water resources. Fruit plantations, modern agriculture and tourist activities, which have replaced semi-nomadic pastoral traditions, are taking their toll on scarce water resources. The rich local Berber culture is particularly strong in this area.
Gran Pajatén (Peru)—Located in the Central Cordillera, the biosphere reserve is characterized by high altitudes and a pristine ecosystem. It encompasses the National Park del Río Abiseo, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The reserve is home to fauna and flora of rainforests characteristic of this part of the Andes and has a high level of endemism. It is the only place on earth where the yellow-tailed woolly monkey, previously thought extinct, is to be found. Gran Pajatén also lends its name to an archaeological site in the Andean cloud forests of Peru, which provides insight into pre-Inca society. More than 170,000 people live in the biosphere reserve whose main economic activities are agriculture (cacao, coffee), livestock and mining.
Albay (Philippines)—Located at the southern end of the Luzon Island, the biosphere covers some 250,000 hectares. The terrestrial elevation of the site culminates at 2,462 metres and its marine part reaches a depth of 223 metres below sea level. The site’s high conservation value is constituted notably by its 182 terrestrial plant species, 46 of which are endemic. Its marine and coastal ecosystems number 12 species of mangrove, 40 species of seaweed or macro-algae, and 10 species of sea grass. Five of the world’s seven species of marine turtles are to be found in Albay. Agriculture is the main source of income in this area.
Fajãs de São Jorge (Portugal)—The biosphere reserve covers the entire Island of São Jorge, the fourth largest in the Azores Archipelago. At 1,053m, the Pico da Esperança is island’s highest elevation. The site’s rugged coastal cliffs form a unique landscape of highland meadows, peat bogs and scrubs. The combination of high altitude and coastal ecosystems has resulted in a wealth of endemic terrestrial flora. It is also the habitat of diverse invertebrate, terrestrial arthropod, mollusc and bird species. Close to 9,000 people live on the Island.
Tejo/Tajo (Portugal and Spain)—The biosphere reserve is located in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula shared between Spain and Portugal with the Tajo River as its main axis. It is characterized by low altitude and sharp relief. Vegetation in the site consists largely of cork oak formations and patches of scrub, as well as cultivated areas and pastures. The fauna is typically Mediterranean and includes many rare species. Most important among them are the European imperial eagle, Bonelli’s eagle, the black stork, the black vulture and the otter. Livestock and forestry are the main sources of income for the Island’s small population.
Jozani-Chwaka Bay (Tanzania)—The biosphere reserve encompasses the only national park on the island of Zanzibar. Its landscape consists of mosaics of mangroves, tropical forests and coral rug forests as well as groundwater, salt marshes, and both agricultural and residential areas. The site is a biodiversity hotspot area including inter alia reef fish species, dolphins, the Zanzibar leopard (Panther pardus adersi), 168 species of birds including 30 of global and regional relevance. The site’s 291 known plant species include 21 considered to be threatened. Inhabitants mainly live from activities relating to tourism, fishing, bee keeping, butterfly rearing and crab fattening
Isle of Man (United Kingdom)—Located in the Irish Sea, the Island is home to more than 80,000 people. Its coastline features cliffs, stacks, islets, and long beaches. The hills hold important peat reserves and are deeply cut by wooded glens in the east. The coastal plain in the north is covered by grasslands, pools and wetlands. The site’s marine environment is rich in biodiversity and harbours important populations of European eel, Atlantic cod and basking sharks, among others. In the countryside, farming activities centre on sheep and cattle livestock, as well as arable areas. The sea is harvested for shellfish. The Island has been a popular tourist destination since the late 19th century and has experienced a notable development in its services and manufacturing sectors over recent decades.
A gene called GT198, known for its ability to repair DNA, is actually causing breast cancer, found scientists hoping that it may help in diagnosing breast cancer early, said Dr. Lan Ko, cancer biologist in the Department of Pathology at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and at the Georgia Cancer Center at AU.
Mutations of the gene are known to be present in both early onset breast and ovarian cancer. Now scientists have shown that the stem, or progenitor cells, which should ultimately make healthy breast tissue, can also have GT198 mutations that prompt them to instead make a perfect bed for breast cancer.
Their studies, published in the American Journal of Pathology, were done on an international sampling from 254 cases of breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women.
"This gene mutation can be in both the blood and the tumor tissue of patients, and in the tissue, it’s in high percentages," said Ko, the study’s corresponding author. "We believe that once this gene is mutated, it induces the tumor to grow."
GT198, which is also a coactivator of receptors for steroid hormones such as estrogen, is normally regulated by estrogen, Ko said. But once mutated, GT198 can enable tumor production without estrogen. "Regardless of how much hormone you have, it’s out-of-control growth," Ko said of the resulting classic, rapid growth of cancer.
In a cancerous breast, scientists have seen the problems with the various components of breast tissue but could not fully explain why they happened. The tissue, called the stroma, includes fat cells, or adipocytes, that provide padding; fibroblasts, which make the framework for tissue; pericytes in blood vessels, which are contractile cells that help regulate blood pressure; as well as myoepithelial cells comprising the outer layer of the ductal system through which milk flows.
The new study backs up a few steps and shows that mutated GT198 also directly affects stem cells found on blood vessels that make these various components of breast tissue. "This puts it together," Ko said.
"It’s a new target in cancer. It’s very exciting," said Dr. Nita Maihle, MCG cancer biologist, associate center director for education at the university’s Cancer Center and a study co-author. "This tells you that all the different types of stromal cells in breast tissue are affected by the GT198 mutation because they all come from a common progenitor cell."
Ko first cloned the human GT198 gene while a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School. All cells have the GT198 gene but most adult cells don’t express it. In the breast, for example, it may be transiently expressed in a pregnant woman preparing for milk production and, potentially, in the case of breast injury. Males express it in the testes.
Ductal breast cancer, which is in the ducts that carry milk, is the most common type of breast cancer and lobular carcinoma, which begins in the milk-producing glands, is the second most common. Most breast cancer comes from the cells that line those ducts, Maihle said.
BRCA1 and 2, genes whose proteins are supposed to work as tumor suppressors and also repair DNA damage, were the first known risk factor genes for familial breast cancer as well as ovarian and other cancers. About 4 percent of familial breast cancers would include inherited mutations of GT198, which is also considered a causative gene in sporadic cases, Ko said.
[tags, breast cancer, cause, gt198 gene, cause behind breast cancer, isolated]
Small birds, which measure just one percent of Humans in mass, have vision that is incredibly twice the speed of human vision, found a team of Swedish scientists. It is known that perching birds (small passerines) do not only have good visual eyesight but they also see things at lightning speed. Compared to them, humans are still in slow-motion world, said scientists.
Scientists from Uppsala University, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Stockholm University, studied the visual speed of pied flycatchers, blue tits and collared flycatchers and say they have incredibly fast vision. Their paper in the journal PLOS ONE, probed perching birds’ ability to resolve visual details against the clock.
Lead author Anders Ödeen of Uppsala University’s Department of Ecology and Genetics, and his colleagues studied Visual acuity vs. speed of vision in these perching birds’ ability to resolve visual detail against the clock. He said:“Fast vision may, in fact, be a more typical feature of birds in general than visual acuity. Only birds of prey seem to have the ability to see in extremely sharp focus, while human visual acuity outshines that of all other bird species studied.”
Twelve blue tits were tested once at one of the light intensities 750, 1500 (n = 3) and 3000 cdm-2 (n = 6) and the critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF), with a maximum of 131 Hz and 130.3 ± 0.94 Hz (±SD) on average, was reached at 1500 cdm-2.
In terms of visual acuity vs. speed of vision, referred as the temporal resolution of eyesight, the number of changes per second a bird, human or any other animals is capable of perceiving, scientists compared visual acuity (spatial resolution), which measures how many details per degree are detected in the field of vision.
The wild-caught birds were taught to receive a food reward whenever they were able to distinguish between a pair of lamps: one shining in a constant light and the other flickering. Temporal resolution was determined by raising the flicker rate to a point at which the birds could no longer tell the two lamps apart.
This threshold, called the Critical Flicker Fusion (CFF) rate, in three small bird species averaged between 129 and 137 Hz (hertz). A 146 Hz was recorded with one of the pied flycatchers, which is about 50 Hz higher than anything encountered for any other vertebrate. Similarly, flycatcher experiment was conducted on 7 collared and 8 pied flycatchers and they were repeatedly tested at up to 5 different light intensities each.
Researchers found that humans’ Critical Flicker Fusion (CFF) rate averages at about 60 Hz compared to 129 to 136 in passerines and hence, we humans live in a world where everything moves slowly.
The study, for the first time, established the fact scientifically and emperically that small and agile wild birds had extremely fast vision. In fact, researchers were surprised to find that flycatchers and blue tits had faster CFF rates than they would have predicted from their size and metabolic rates.
From the evolutionary history of natural selection for fast vision, it occurred in these species much faster than humans as these small airborne birds needed to detect and track tiny objects whose images move ultra-fast across the retina. The rapid vision was badly needed to hunt and avoid predators for these tiny birds.
The difference between a human and an eagle regarding visual acuity is about the same as a human’s versus the pied flycatcher’s vision speeds – 60 and 146 Hz respectively. In other words, the flycatcher’s vision is faster than ours roughly to the same extent as an eagle’s vision is sharper (than ours).
While eagles, hawks and other birds have the best visual acuity in the animal kingdom as they can see the most detail per square inch, small perching birds have the fastest vision as they can see the most movement per second.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi never claimed himself but his ministers and the BJP coterie around him are bringing him more ridicule than applomb.
While cracking on JNU campus in hurry, Home Minister Rajnath Singh branded all JNU students as "anti-national" only to eat his own words on the floor of the house and they saw what they created instead — Kanhaiya Kumar, JNUSU leader who has become a national hero in less than month that he can outshine even the charisma of Narendra Modi anyday.
Undaunted, another minister in the Home Ministry, that is Union Minister of State Kiren Rijiju has worked overnight or the entire week to calculate and put out what he claims was indeed one of the predictions of French prophet Nostradamus that Narendra Modi in India would ascend to rule India and the world.
Nostradamus is credited with predicting the French Revolution, the atom bomb, the rise of Adolf Hitler and the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York. But none of these he mentioned in perfection but our new age admirers of Doomsday Prophecy avowedly attributed these events to re-interpret his writings.
Perhaps following similar footsteps, Rijiju has compiled some so-called ‘AMAZING FACTS !!!’ and puts out his mathematical calculations which he claimed to have shown BJP’s victory in May 2014 based on number 13.
In Current Lok Sabha
"BJP – 283 Seats 2+8+3 = 13
NDA – 337 Seats 3+3+7 = 13
UPA – 58 Seats 5+8 = 13
Others-148 Seats 1+4+8 = 13
Prediction of Nostradamus “450 years ago of Modi Era”: How ???" he left his followers in wonder but the whole nation has a topic after Kanhaiya Kumar’s arrest joled the nation in February.
Rijuju and BJP admirers and think-tanks have come out with the new interrpretation now that the French prophet Nostradamus wrote way back in 1555 that "from 2014 to 2026, a man will lead india, whom initially, people will hate but after that people will love him. Under his leadership India will not only just become the Global Master, but many countries will also come into the shelter of India."
But what about Hitler? Even Hitler was predicted in an obscure way and later they attributed the reference to Hitler. What about Kanhaiya Kumar? Even he was referred to in Nostradamus, if one reads it carefully.
The other two JNU students — Umar Khalid and Anirban Bhattacharya — who were charged for sedition by Delhi Police amid national acrimony against the highhanded charges over students, were granted bail today but back home at JNU an equally acrimonious situation awaits them.
The over-enthusiastic administration that is eager to serve the wishes of the ministry for funds and existence has turned the guns on 8 students to begin with among the 21 and they are facing rustication charges.
Umar Khalid is facing charges for organising the event to mark the anniversary of the hanging of Parliament attack convict Afzal Guru, which turned ugly when the group clashed with ABVP and ended in raising allegedly "anti-India" slogans.
The defence lawyers argued that the two student leaders were actually handling the crowd which raised anti-India slogans. The defence also produced 10 eyewitnesses who have sought permission from the university authorities for the event, finalised the posters and got them printed.
Umar Khalid’s lawyers also argued that being a doctorate student, he has only 6 months left for submission of his thesis. While the court granted them the bail, back in the campus the situation has turned hostile with the administration flexing its muscles on 21 students and serving them show-cause notices, including the two who were granted bail by the court.
The JNU row has grown from mere a campus-based issue to a bigger national debate and brought India under scrutiny of many global human rights organizations, including the Latin American political scientist Chomsky.
Now the country’s intellectual centre (JNU) is pitted against BJP, which is hoping to turn the universities into pro-ABVP centres and enhance its leverage on them in future. In the process, even the national media and intellectuals have turned the tide against the BJP-ruled government.
Capital flows to emerging economies are considered to be volatile. Influenced as much by global liquidity and risk aversion as by economic conditions in receiving countries, capital flows move in a synchronous fashion across emerging economies. There are periods of rapid capital inflows, fueling credit booms and asset price inflation; followed by reversals when exchange rates depreciate, equity prices decline, financial volatility increases, and GDP growth and investment slows down. These periods of extreme flows have unintended financial and real implications for the recipient countries. Central banks typically react with a mix of policies to cushion their impacts, ranging from managing the exchange rate and liquidity, to using reserves, monetary policy and macroprudential tools, and calibrating the pace of capital account openness. Overtime, along with the underlying characteristics of the emerging market economies and their available policy space, this policy mix has evolved too.
Wary of excessive exchange rate volatility emerging market economies have traditionally tended to either peg their exchange rates or maintain defacto managed floats. Unable to raise external debt in domestic currency, emerging markets have typically held debts denominated in foreign currency, with exchange rate depreciation resulting in adverse balance sheet effects. A customary response to capital flows has been to manage the impact on exchange rate through procyclical monetary policy– loosening the monetary policy during periods of rapid capital inflows and high economic growth (to resist exchange rates appreciation) and tightening it during the reversals of flows and economic slowdowns (to moderate the extent of exchange rate depreciation).
However much has changed in emerging countries policy landscape in the last one and a half decade. After a series of high profile currency crises in the mid-1990s-early 2000s, many countries have moved from pegged exchange rate regimes to floating ones. They maintain less negative foreign currency positions, and have built a larger stock of reserves. An increasing number of central banks now operate under an inflation targeting framework, affording them a more definitive mandate to pursue monetary policy geared toward domestic policy imperatives. As a result countries now tolerate greater exchange rate volatility, while using their reserves when warranted; monetary policy is more countercyclical than before; and the use of macroprudential tools has become a more pervasive element of their policy mix.
My recent paper Capital flows and Central Banking-The Indian experience reviews India’s experience with handling capital flows, putting it in context with the experience of other emerging markets. It establishes three stylized facts.
First, India has increasingly become more financially integrated with the rest of the world. The pattern of capital flows it receives mirrors those in other emerging economies, pointing to the importance of common factors in driving capital flows to India. In the post liberalization period since the early 1990s, capital flows to India have evolved in three phases—a first phase from the early 1990s-early 2000s, during which capital flows increased steadily but remained modest compared to the size of the economy or monetary aggregates; a second phase of “surge” from the early 2000s-2007, when inflows increased rapidly, outpacing GDP and monetary aggregates; and a third period of volatility, starting in 2008 when capital flows reversed in the post Lehman Brother collapse period and again in 2013 during the taper tantrum and remained volatile. [1]
The policy mix that India has deployed has evolved in sync with the capital flow cycle and is consistent with the trends observed in other large emerging economies. Its exchange rate, which was largely pegged to the US dollar until the early 1990s, is increasingly more market determined. Just like in other emerging countries, India has built a large buffer of external reserves, and for the most part has used it to modulate excessive fluctuations in the exchange rate. While monetary policy focused on price stability during the first phase, it was also conditioned by the pace of capital inflows in later phases–money supply increased during the capital flow surge and was tightened during the stop episodes. Additionally macro prudential measures have been used countercyclically, e.g. they were strengthened during the surge to limit excessive risk taking and deter asset price inflation.
Particularly interesting is the countercyclical liberalization of capital account. Contrary to a common perception, India has steadily liberalized its capital account since 1991; while the pace of incremental liberalization has been conditioned by the capital flow cycle. The pace of liberalization of inflows slowed during the capital surge episode of 2003-2007, while outflows were liberalized rapidly. Inflows were then liberalized vigorously during the reversal of capital in 2008-09 and in 2013.
While the capital flows to emerging markets are expected to remain volatile in the years ahead, their policy mix is likely to evolve further. Specifically for India, the move to an inflation targeting framework will likely reinforce the domestic orientation in monetary policy; whereas due to a progressively liberalized capital account over the last two and a half decades, further scope to manage the pace of capital account liberalization seems limited. Going forward, reserve management and macroprudential measures are likely to play a larger role in responding to capital flow cycles; even as the markets, economy and policy makers develop greater tolerance for inevitable market determined adjustments in exchange rate.
Despite its post-drink acidic effect on stomach, beer has always been under radar for many scientists and the latest finding is that it could be used in treating cancer as it contains hops, which taste bitter but give beer its unique taste.
Hops contain acid compunds known as humulones and lupulones (alpha and beta acids, respectively), which are found in the soft resin material of the female hop cone. Hops have been used in beer brewing for thousands of years. During wort boiling, in the beer brewing process, the alpha acids isomerize to isohumulones (cis and trans) which are the main bittering agents in beer, explains Kristopher Waynant of University of Idaho in US.
"Hop extracts (as well as isolated humulones and lupulones) have shown a wide variety of health benefits (I have attached a semi recent review). Many studies have shown that theyse compounds or extracts possess anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activity (mostly in vitro), and COX-2 inhibition, in addition to their well-documented antibacterial properties," wrote Waynant in an exclusive email interview to India International Times.
"I am also aware of a company in Seattle (Kindex pharmaceuticals) that is using an isomerized humulone (isohumulone) in phase 2 murine models towards a diabetes drug," he said with a note of caution: "Just because a natural compound is biologically active, doesn’t mean it will be a great medicine."
Elaborating his findings, Waynant said, his research team is using known chemistries to start a library of humulones and lupulones to create a series of more biologically active compounds.
"We are interested in synthesizing the natural product (-)-humulone, but it has been made before (by Kindex) and is actually isolatable from the hop resins. We would like to extend these syntheses towards the other (smaller concentration) humulones, (-)-cohumulone and (-)-adhumulone as well as a variety of new humulone analogs. Adhumulone has a 2nd undetermined stereocenter that we hope to specify. In conjunction with the natural products, we are interested in developing our synthetic strategy as to see if we can efficiently develop a diverse (but small) library of humulone analogs that also lends towards understanding the scope of our synthetic strategy," he told India International Times.
However, Waynant was cautious when he said his project is still in its infancy and they are yet to produce a natual humulone or a new humulone derivative. "We hope to have humulones available for testing in the near future," he said and his final words are equally cautious: "We certainly do not suggest drinking beer as medicine."
His study was presentted at the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society.
