Despite progress in expanding access to education worldwide, stark disparities remain between wealthy and poorer nations, leaving millions of children and young people without schooling. United Nations education experts say empowering youth to participate directly in shaping education policies could play a crucial role in addressing these gaps.
Ahead of the International Day of Education, observed each year on January 24, UN officials and youth advocates highlighted the importance of involving young people in designing education systems that reflect their needs and experiences.
The theme of this year’s observance, “The Power of Youth in Co-Creating Education,” underscores the growing call for young voices to be included in decisions that shape the future of learning.
Large Global Education Gap Persists
According to UN education experts, around 272 million children and young people worldwide remain out of school.
The divide between rich and poor countries remains particularly severe. In the poorest nations, about 36 percent of school-age children and youth are not enrolled in education, compared with only 3 percent in the world’s richest countries.
These inequalities are even more pronounced among vulnerable groups, including children with disabilities, ethnic and linguistic minorities, refugees, migrants and LGBTQ youth.
Marco Pasqualini, an education specialist with UNESCO in Paris, said young people should be central participants in efforts to improve education systems.
“When it comes to education, young people have a particular stake because they are the primary beneficiaries of education,” he said. “Educational reforms and priorities have a direct impact on them.”
From Consultation To Co-Creation
Pasqualini emphasised that meaningful youth engagement goes beyond simply asking young people for feedback.
Instead, the concept of “co-creating education” involves actively including them in decision-making processes related to education policy and reform.
Jacques Kwibuka, a UN youth leader from Rwanda, said traditional policy-making often excluded young voices.
“In the past, those designing education policies assumed they already understood the challenges young people face because they had once been young themselves,” he said.
Co-creation, he explained, allows young people to contribute ideas and solutions directly while policies are being developed.
“It’s not just about consulting young people,” Kwibuka said. “It’s about giving them the space and freedom to contribute to the programmes and policies being designed.”
Mindset Barriers On Both Sides
Experts say one of the biggest obstacles to youth participation lies in entrenched attitudes.
According to Kwibuka, many institutions still underestimate the value of young people’s perspectives. While organisations may invite youth to share opinions, they often stop short of allowing them to influence decisions in meaningful ways.
At the same time, young people themselves sometimes hesitate to speak up, particularly in rural or disadvantaged communities.
“Many young people undermine themselves because of low self-esteem or because they think opportunities are meant only for highly educated individuals,” he said.
Encouraging greater confidence and creating accessible platforms for participation are therefore essential steps toward improving youth engagement.
Platforms Needed To Amplify Youth Voices
Pasqualini noted that a lack of platforms where young people can participate in global discussions about education remains a major challenge.
To address this gap, UNESCO launched the SDG4 Youth and Student Network, a global initiative linked to Sustainable Development Goal 4, which aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all by 2030.
The network currently includes around 110 young leaders and students from 80 countries, selected from more than 5,000 applicants.
Through the initiative, youth representatives are given opportunities to engage directly with policymakers and international organisations on education reform.
Technology Helping Youth Engagement
Advocates say new technologies are also helping young people become more informed and involved in shaping education systems.
Kwibuka pointed to growing youth-led initiatives in Rwanda, where young people are using digital platforms to collaborate on education projects and share ideas.
“With platforms supported by organisations like UNICEF, we are empowering each other and strengthening our collective voice,” he said.
He believes these developments could lead to stronger youth participation in shaping not only education policies but also broader social and development systems.
Education Still A Global Priority
Despite political tensions and global challenges, Pasqualini said there remains strong international commitment to improving education systems.
UNESCO continues to lead global efforts aimed at expanding access to quality education and supporting reforms that make learning more inclusive.
“Despite the world being in turmoil and multilateralism sometimes being questioned, there is still a strong interest in education,” he said.
For UN officials and youth advocates alike, the message is clear: meaningful involvement of young people will be essential to building education systems capable of meeting the challenges of the future.
