A groundbreaking study led by the University of South California (USC) has unveiled a concerning link between high levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as ‘forever chemicals’, and sleep disruptions.
This research, published in the journal Environmental Advances, has shed light on the potential health risks associated with these pervasive chemicals. PFAS are a group of man-made chemicals that have been used in a variety of industries around the globe since the 1940s. They are found in a wide range of consumer products that people use daily such as cookware, pizza boxes, and stain repellants.
Due to their chemical structure, PFAS are resistant to heat, water, and oil, earning them the moniker forever chemicals. They do not break down easily and can persist in the environment and the human body for extended periods. The USC study examined the blood samples and sleep patterns of 144 participants aged between 19 and 24.
The researchers found that higher levels of four specific types of PFAS – PFDA, PFHxS, PFOA, and PFOS – were significantly associated with less sleep or worse quality of sleep.
The Impact of PFAS on Sleep and Health
Young adults with higher levels of these toxic chemicals in their blood had 80 fewer minutes of sleep at night. They also had trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, waking up, or feeling tired during waking hours. Sleep is a fundamental pillar of health.
A person must sleep 7-8 hours daily. Prolonged poor sleep may raise chronic health issues, including diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. The study’s findings are particularly concerning given the widespread presence of PFAS in our environment and daily lives.
Previous studies have shown that PFAS have contaminated water, food, and people through products such as Teflon pans, waterproof clothing, stain-resistant carpets and fabrics, and food packaging. They have also been linked to cancers of the breast, ovary, skin, and uterus in women, among other diseases.
The USC study also examined the overlap between genes affected by the four forever chemicals and genes related to sleep disorders. Out of 600-plus candidate genes, seven activated by PFAS seemed to influence sleep.
Historical Parallels and Reducing Exposure
This included HSD11B1, which helps produce the hormone cortisol that plays an important role in regulating the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. Another gene was cathepsin B, related to cognitive function and memory. Disruption in this gene was linked to Alzheimer’s.
The study’s findings echo historical events where chemicals once deemed safe were later found to have harmful effects on human health. For instance, lead was widely used in paint, gasoline, and plumbing until research revealed its toxic effects, particularly in children. Similarly, asbestos was a popular building material until its fibers were found to cause lung diseases.
The USC study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that PFAS could be the next major public health concern.
To reduce exposure to PFAS, individuals can avoid using products that are stain-resistant, waterproof, or nonstick, as these often contain PFAS. They can also choose natural fiber clothing, use glass, stainless steel, or ceramic cookware instead of Teflon or other nonstick pans, and be cautious with food packaging, especially for microwave meals.
Filtering drinking water with a system designed to remove PFAS, if necessary, and being mindful of personal care products, checking labels for PFAS ingredients, can also help. As we continue to learn more about these forever chemicals, it is crucial that we take steps to minimize our exposure and protect our health.
