Category Archives: GENERAL

India Expands 10 Plastic Parks With 50% Grant to Boost Polymer Sector

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India is accelerating the development of its polymer-based industrial ecosystem through the expansion of Plastic Parks, aimed at strengthening domestic plastic manufacturing, attracting investment, and promoting sustainable practices. The initiative, overseen by the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals, is being implemented under the New Scheme of Petrochemicals.

As part of the scheme, the government supports the creation of industrial clusters—termed Plastic Parks—by providing up to 50% of the project cost as grant-in-aid, with a maximum cap of ₹40 crore per project. These parks are designed to offer state-of-the-art infrastructure and shared facilities to consolidate the capacities of the downstream plastic processing industry.

So far, 10 Plastic Parks have been approved across various states including Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh. Parks in Gorakhpur (UP) and Ganjimutt (Karnataka) were the latest to be greenlit in 2022. These hubs are not only intended to drive production and exports but also play a significant role in managing plastic waste through built-in recycling and waste treatment facilities.

According to government data, more than ₹258 crore has been released for Plastic Parks since 2013, with significant investment drawn to projects in states such as Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh. The parks are managed by Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) set up by state governments, who also facilitate private sector participation through incentives and awareness programs.

The move aligns with India’s growing footprint in the global plastic trade. The country ranked 12th globally in plastic exports in 2022, up from 8.2 million thousand USD in 2014 to 27 million thousand USD, according to World Bank estimates.

In tandem with industrial expansion, the government is placing a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability. Plastic Parks are equipped with recycling sheds, effluent treatment plants, and hazardous waste management systems. The initiative is supported by Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations and bans on specific single-use plastics.

To support innovation, the Department has also established 13 Centres of Excellence (CoEs) at leading research institutions such as IIT Delhi, IIT Guwahati, and CIPET Bhubaneswar. These CoEs focus on sustainable polymer research, bio-engineered materials, and advanced polymer applications.

Additionally, the Central Institute of Petrochemical Engineering and Technology (CIPET) is offering a range of training programs to equip the workforce with the skills needed in the evolving plastics sector.

With continued focus on sustainability, innovation, and global competitiveness, the Plastic Parks initiative is poised to play a pivotal role in India’s ambition to become a major global hub for polymer production and environmentally responsible plastic processing.

India’s Index of Industrial Production Records Growth of 2.9% in February 2025

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The Quick Estimates of the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) for February 2025 show a growth rate of 2.9%. This is a decrease from the 5.0% growth recorded in January 2025. The IIP is an important indicator of the industrial performance of the country, and these estimates are compiled based on data received from various source agencies, which collect information from factories and establishments.

In February 2025, the growth rates for the three main sectors of the economy are as follows: Mining at 1.6%, Manufacturing at 2.9%, and Electricity at 3.6%. The overall IIP stands at 151.3, which is an increase from 147.1 in February 2024. The indices for the Mining, Manufacturing, and Electricity sectors are 141.9, 148.6, and 194.0, respectively.

Within the manufacturing sector, 14 out of 23 industry groups have shown positive growth compared to February 2024. The top contributors to this growth include the “Manufacture of basic metals” with a growth of 5.8%, “Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers” at 8.9%, and “Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products” at 8.0%. Specific items within these groups, such as flat products of alloy steel, auto components, and various types of cement, have significantly contributed to this growth.

According to the use-based classification, the indices for February 2025 are as follows: 152.3 for Primary Goods, 115.5 for Capital Goods, 159.9 for Intermediate Goods, and 191.3 for Infrastructure/Construction Goods. The growth rates for these categories compared to February 2024 are 2.8% for Primary Goods, 8.2% for Capital Goods, 1.5% for Intermediate Goods, 6.6% for Infrastructure/Construction Goods, 3.8% for Consumer Durables, and a decline of 2.1% for Consumer Non-Durables. The main contributors to the growth of IIP this month are Infrastructure/Construction Goods, Primary Goods, and Capital Goods.

The Quick Estimates for February 2025 have been compiled with a weighted response rate of 89%. Additionally, the indices for January 2025 have undergone the first revision, while those for November 2024 have been finalized based on updated data. The response rates for these revisions are 94% for January and 95% for November.

 

Trump’s Surprise Tariff Pause Spares China; India Welcomes Relief

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US President Donald Trump has announced a pause on the implementation of most of his reciprocal tariffs. He explained the decision by saying that people were “getting yippy and a little bit afraid.”

The pause lowers tariffs to 10 per cent and applies to imports from all trading partner countries that have not imposed retaliatory levies on American goods. This includes over 75 countries that have opted to negotiate with the administration, such as India, which is currently in talks with the US over a Bilateral Trade Agreement.

However, China stands out as a major exception to this sudden shift. In response to China’s retaliatory levy of 84 per cent on American goods, Trump has increased tariffs on Chinese imports to a staggering 125 per cent. The announcement, made via a post on Truth Social, rattled already-volatile markets. Yet, in a dramatic turnaround, markets surged shortly afterward, with the tech-heavy Nasdaq soaring to a two-decade high.

Trump’s decision to halt most tariffs reportedly caught even his own officials off guard. When asked about the abrupt policy reversal, Trump repeated that people were getting “yippie and a little bit afraid,” adding, “You have to be flexible,” when pressed further.

Trump’s Tariff Reversal and Market Reactions

Despite early declarations from top aides that the levies were non-negotiable, Trump had signaled a willingness to negotiate when first introducing the tariffs. He moved ahead with the pause on Wednesday morning.

Since the reciprocal tariffs went into effect, US markets have been in turmoil. Calls for a 90-day pause have come from key Wall Street voices, including Bill Ackman. Trump has also encountered pushback from key advisor Elon Musk, who criticized the tariffs and engaged in a public spat with Peter Navarro, one of the President’s main trade advisors.

Following the announcement, Asian markets rebounded significantly. Japan’s Nikkei share average surged as investors scooped up battered stocks, echoing gains on Wall Street, where the S&P 500 jumped 9.5%—its biggest daily gain since 2008. Analysts at Morgan Stanley described Trump’s move as bullish for Asian equities, and especially so for Japanese stocks.

EU, China in Talks

Meanwhile, the European Union has called for restraint. Commission President Ursula von der Leyen emphasized the importance of avoiding further escalation in a phone call with Chinese Premier Li Qiang. In response, China expressed confidence in its ability to weather the economic pressure.

In India, markets unsettled by recent tariff news may find relief in the pause. The decision also gives New Delhi a window to finalize its deal with the US and prepare for any future tariff actions. India has not retaliated against Trump’s 26 per cent levy and has remained engaged in negotiations, as have nearly 70 other nations.

The tariff pause has also prompted Goldman Sachs Group economists to retract a recent recession forecast. Initially projecting a 65% chance of a recession within 12 months due to the tariffs, they have since reverted to their earlier baseline prediction of no recession following Trump’s announcement.

After tariffs, what’s Trump’s next Move? Watch out US dollar weakening

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As the dust begins to settle down on President Donald Trump’s latest tariffs, speculation is growing over his next move. With the dollar as the world’s reserve currency, Trump has powerful tools to pressure allies—credit access, dollar funding, and payment systems, which may be wielded as powerful weapons to subject compliance from foes and allies together.

Deploying these weapons would carry major risks for the U.S. economy and could backfire, but some experts warn they remain on the table if tariffs fail to cut the trade deficit. A weakening US dollar can have wide-ranging effects across global markets, businesses, and consumers. When the dollar loses value against other currencies, imported goods become more expensive for American consumers, increasing the cost of electronics, automobiles, and household products. Inflationary pressures may also rise as businesses pass on higher costs, eroding purchasing power.

On the other hand, a weaker dollar benefits US exporters by making American goods and services more affordable for foreign buyers. This can boost demand for US-made products, potentially leading to increased revenues for companies with international markets. Sectors like manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism often see gains as foreign customers find US goods and destinations more cost-effective.

“I could well imagine Trump getting frustrated and trying to implement wacky ideas, even if the logic isn’t there,” Barry Eichengreen, economics professor at UC Berkeley, told Reuters.

The administration’s apparent goal is to weaken the dollar to rebalance trade, potentially through a Mar-a-Lago Accord—a nod to the 1985 Plaza Accord and Trump’s Florida resort.

Stephen Miran, a Trump adviser, has suggested the U.S. could pressure foreign central banks to strengthen their currencies by leveraging tariffs and security commitments. But analysts say such a deal is unlikely, as higher interest rates would risk recession in Europe and Japan, and China needs a weaker yuan to revive growth.

If currency talks fail, Trump could take more extreme measures, such as restricting foreign access to dollar liquidity. Cutting off Federal Reserve swap lines—vital for global banks in times of crisis—could roil financial markets and hit European, Japanese, and British lenders hardest. Investors and financial markets also react to a weakening dollar in various ways.

US-based investors with holdings in foreign assets may see gains as those investments appreciate in dollar terms. Conversely, foreign investors holding US assets could experience lower returns if the dollar depreciates. The currency’s decline may also impact the bond market, as investors demand higher yields on US Treasury securities to compensate for currency risk.

Though the Fed controls these programs, Trump’s reshuffling of key financial regulators has raised concerns. “It’s no longer unthinkable that this could be used as a nuclear threat in negotiations,” said Spyros Andreopoulos of Thin Ice Macroeconomics.

But such a move could ultimately weaken the dollar’s status as the world’s dominant currency.

Commodity prices often respond significantly to dollar fluctuations. Since key commodities such as oil and gold are priced in US dollars, a weaker dollar generally pushes their prices higher. This can lead to increased costs for businesses that rely on raw materials, further fueling inflationary trends. On the flip side, commodity-producing countries may benefit from stronger revenues as the prices of their exports rise.

Another pressure point is the U.S. payments industry. Visa (V.N) and Mastercard (MA.N) process two-thirds of card transactions in the eurozone. While China and Japan have developed alternatives, Europe remains reliant on U.S. payment networks.

If the White House pressured these firms to cut off services—similar to actions taken against Russia—European consumers would be forced to rely on cash or slow bank transfers. “A hostile U.S. is a huge setback,” said Maria Demertzis of the Conference Board think tank. International trade dynamics can shift as countries reassess their economic strategies in response to currency fluctuations.

Ultimately, a weaker dollar carries both advantages and disadvantages depending on one’s perspective. While US manufacturers and exporters may enjoy competitive benefits, consumers and businesses reliant on imports could face higher costs. Investors must navigate currency risks carefully, and policymakers must balance economic growth with inflation control. The dollar’s movements influence economies worldwide, making its strength or weakness a critical factor in global financial stability.

Weakening Dollar

A weakening US dollar can have wide-ranging effects across global markets, businesses, and consumers. When the dollar loses value against other currencies, imported goods become more expensive for American consumers. Precisely because it takes more dollars to buy the same amount of foreign currency, raising the cost of imported electronics, automobiles, and everyday household products. Inflationary pressures may also increase as businesses pass higher costs on to consumers, reducing purchasing power.

On the other hand, a weaker dollar benefits US exporters by making American goods and services more affordable for foreign buyers. This can boost demand for US-made products, potentially leading to increased revenues for companies with international markets. Sectors like manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism often see gains as foreign customers find US goods and destinations more cost-effective.

Investors and financial markets also react to a weakening dollar in various ways. US-based investors with holdings in foreign assets may see gains as those investments appreciate in dollar terms. Conversely, foreign investors holding US assets could experience lower returns if the dollar depreciates. The currency’s decline may also impact the bond market, as investors demand higher yields on US Treasury securities to compensate for currency risk.

Commodity prices often respond significantly to dollar fluctuations. Since key commodities such as oil and gold are priced in US dollars, a weaker dollar generally pushes their prices higher. This can lead to increased costs for businesses that rely on raw materials, further fueling inflationary trends. On the flip side, commodity-producing countries may benefit from stronger revenues as the prices of their exports rise.

Government policies may force the Federal Reserve respond by adjusting interest rates to stabilize the currency and control inflation. Meanwhile, other central banks might intervene in currency markets to prevent excessive volatility. International trade dynamics can shift as countries reassess their economic strategies in response to currency fluctuations.

 

Waqf Amendment Bill 2024 Introduced in LS, Sparks Heated Debate

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The Lok Sabha witnessed intense discussions on the Waqf Amendment Bill 2024, as Law Minister Kiren Rijiju introduced the legislation. The bill aims to streamline the administration of Waqf properties, which are religious endowments under Islamic law.  

The debate quickly turned partisan, with the Congress party raising concerns about the potential impact of the bill on minority rights. They argued for a more thorough review and consultation process. The BJP, however, defended the bill, emphasizing its goal of bringing greater transparency and efficiency to the management of Waqf assets.  

Key points of contention included the proposed changes to the Waqf Tribunal’s powers and the mechanisms for resolving property disputes. Opposition members expressed worries about potential misuse of authority, while the government asserted the need for stronger oversight to prevent encroachments and mismanagement.

The Waqf Amendment Bill has generated significant debate, with varied perspectives on its potential impact. Here’s a breakdown of the pro and against points:

Arguments in Favor:

  • Improved Management and Transparency:
    • Proponents argue that the amendments aim to streamline the administration of Waqf properties, bringing greater transparency and efficiency to their management.
    • The emphasis on digitalization and centralized record-keeping is intended to reduce mismanagement and corruption.
  • Protection of Waqf Properties:
    • The government asserts that the bill seeks to protect Waqf properties from encroachment and illegal occupation, ensuring they are used for their intended charitable or religious purposes.
    • Strengthening the Waqf Tribunal’s powers is seen as necessary to resolve property disputes effectively.
  • Modernization and Efficiency:
    • The amendments are presented as a means to modernize the Waqf administration, making it more accountable and responsive to the needs of the community.
    • The inclusion of non-muslim members in the board, is argued by the government to bring expertise, and promote transparency.
  • Reducing Litigation:
    • The application of the limitation act, is argued to reduce prolonged litigation.

Arguments Against:

  • Concerns About Minority Rights:
    • Critics express concerns that the bill could infringe on the rights of minority communities to manage their religious endowments.
    • There are fears that the government could use the amendments to exert greater control over Waqf properties.
  • Potential for Misuse of Power:
    • Opposition members raise concerns about the potential for misuse of power by the Waqf Tribunal and other authorities.
    • They argue that the bill could lead to arbitrary decisions and unfair treatment of Waqf institutions.
  • Lack of Adequate Consultation:
    • Some critics argue that the government has not engaged in sufficient consultation with stakeholders, particularly minority communities.
    • They call for a more thorough review of the bill and greater transparency in the legislative process.
  • Constitutional Validity:
    • Some critics have questioned the constitutional validity of the bill, arguing that it may violate the principle of religious freedom.
  • Interference with Religious Affairs:
    • The inclusion of non-Muslim members in Waqf boards has been criticized as interference in the Muslim community’s right to manage its own affairs.

However, minister Kiren Rijiju stressed that the amendments are intended to protect Waqf properties and ensure their proper utilization for the benefit of the community. He reiterated the government’s commitment to safeguarding the interests of all stakeholders.

The Lok Sabha is expected to continue discussions on the bill in the coming days, with further amendments and clarifications likely.

Fluorescent caves could explain how life can persist in other planets

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A section of South Dakota’s Wind Cave seen under normal white light (left image) transforms into something otherworldly when placed under UV light (right image) / Credit: Joshua Sebree

Deep below Earth’s surface, rock and mineral formations lay hidden with a secret brilliance. Under a black light, the chemicals fossilized within shine in brilliant hues of pink, blue and green. Scientists are using these fluorescent features to understand how the caves formed and how life is supported in extreme environments, which may reveal how life could persist in faraway places, like Jupiter’s icy moon Europa.

The researchers will present their results at the spring meeting of the American Chemical Society’s (ACS) ACS Spring 2025 being held March 23-27, 2025.

As it turns out, the chemistry in South Dakota’s Wind Cave is likely similar to places like Europa — and easier to reach. This is why astrobiologist Joshua Sebree, a professor at the University of Northern Iowa, ended up hundreds of feet underground investigating the minerals and lifeforms in these dark, cold conditions.

“The purpose of this project as a whole is to try to better understand the chemistry taking place underground that’s telling us about how life can be supported,” he explains.

As Sebree and his students began to venture into new areas of Wind Cave and other caves across the U.S., they mapped the rock formations, passages, streams and organisms they found. As they explored, they brought along their black lights (UV lights), too, to look at the minerals in the rocks.

Under the black light, certain areas of the caves seemed to transform into something otherworldly as portions of the surrounding rocks shone in different hues. Thanks to impurities lodged within the Earth millions of years ago — chemistry fossils, almost — the hues corresponded with different concentrations and types of organic or inorganic compounds. These shining stones often indicated where water once carried minerals down from the surface.

“The walls just looked completely blank and devoid of anything interesting,” says Sebree. “But then, when we turned on the black lights, what used to be just a plain brown wall turned into a bright layer of fluorescent mineral that indicated where a pool of water used to be 10,000 or 20,000 years ago.”

Typically, to understand the chemical makeup of a cave feature, a rock sample is removed and taken back to the lab. But Sebree and his team collect the fluorescence spectra — which is like a fingerprint of the chemical makeup — of different surfaces using a portable spectrometer while on their expeditions. That way, they can take the information with them but leave the cave behind and intact.

Anna Van Der Weide, an undergraduate student at the university, has accompanied Sebree on some of these explorations. Using the information collected during that fieldwork, she is building a publicly accessible inventory of fluorescence fingerprints to help provide an additional layer of information to the traditional cave map and paint a more complete picture of its history and formation.

Additional undergraduate students have contributed to the study. Jacqueline Heggen is further exploring these caves as a simulated environment for astrobiological extremophiles; Jordan Holloway is developing an autonomous spectrometer to make measurement easier and even possible for future extraterrestrial missions; and Celia Langemo is studying biometrics to keep explorers of extreme environments safe. These three students are also presenting their findings at ACS Spring 2025.

Doing science in a cave is not without its challenges. For example, in the 48-degrees Fahrenheit (9-degrees Celsius) temperature of Minnesota’s Mystery Cave, the team had to bury the spectrometer’s batteries in handwarmers to keep them from dying. Other times, to reach an area of interest, the scientists had to squeeze through spaces less than a foot (30 centimeters) wide for hundreds of feet, sometimes losing a shoe (or pants) in the process. Or, they’d have to stand knee-deep in freezing cave water to take a measurement, and hope that their instruments didn’t go for an accidental swim.

But despite these hurdles, the caves have revealed a wealth of information already. In Wind Cave, the team found that manganese-rich waters had carved out the cave and produced the striped zebra calcites within, which glowed pink under black light. The calcites grew underground, fed by the manganese-rich water. Sebree believes that when these rocks shattered, since calcite is weaker than the limestone also comprising the cave, the calcite worked to expand the cave too. “It’s a very different cave forming mechanism than has previously been looked at before,” he says.

And the unique research conditions have provided a memorable experience to Van Der Weide. “It was really cool to see how you can apply science out in the field and to learn how you function in those environments,” she concludes.

In the future, Sebree hopes to further confirm the accuracy of the fluorescence technique by comparing it to traditional, destructive techniques. He also wants to investigate the cave water that also fluoresces to understand how life on Earth’s surface has affected life deep underground and, reconnecting to his astrobiological roots, understand how similar, mineral-rich water may support life in the far reaches of our solar system.

New study offers innovative model to reindeer conservation with global potential

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A groundbreaking study from the University of Calgary presents a novel method for identifying wildlife populations at risk—such as caribou and reindeer—based on their individual movement patterns. This approach could revolutionize future conservation strategies.

Published in Biological Conservation, the study utilizes a long-term dataset from GPS-collared caribou across Western Canada. Researchers identified six distinct behavioral groups, each requiring tailored conservation actions.

Spanning vast regions of the Rocky Mountains, particularly in British Columbia, the study area encompasses protected parklands as well as private and multi-use public lands. This diverse landscape, with its rugged topography and climate of long winters and short summers, has been increasingly impacted by habitat fragmentation due to roads, seismic exploration, railways, and logging.

The research analyzed key movement behaviors—such as migration patterns, range sizes, and elevation shifts—to gain deeper insights into caribou ecology. Lead author Margaret Hughes, a PhD candidate in the Department of Biological Sciences, explains that the study revealed subtle but significant differences from current caribou management practices in Western Canada.

“Our approach focuses on behavior to distinguish differences between individuals and groups, clustering them based on movement patterns,” Hughes says. “By understanding where they go and why, we can better inform conservation efforts.”

Behavioural Analysis

This behavioral analysis offers a more comprehensive framework for defining population boundaries, optimizing conservation resource allocation, and improving biodiversity management. While genetic studies have traditionally guided caribou conservation, Hughes emphasizes the added value of integrating movement behavior into conservation planning.

“It helps managers recognize ecologically meaningful variations within species, ultimately leading to more effective conservation strategies,” she explains.

Caribou, an iconic member of the deer family, face mounting threats from habitat loss, industrial development, and climate change. Professor Marco Musiani, a co-author from the University of Bologna and adjunct professor at UCalgary, underscores the species’ significance.

“Caribou are one of the most affected species in Canada due to oil and gas development, forestry, and climate change. Their sensitivity makes them a key indicator of ecosystem health,” Musiani says.

Beyond caribou, the study’s methodology holds promise for broader conservation efforts. Hughes notes that the findings could inform habitat protection, ecological corridor design, and even species translocation strategies—critical areas receiving increasing conservation investment.

By incorporating behavioral science into conservation, this research offers a powerful tool for safeguarding not only caribou populations but also broader biodiversity in a rapidly changing world beset with human activities which have driven species extinction rates to nearly 1,000 times from the natural background rate.

What IUCN says?

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports that over 42,100 assessed species are at risk, including 25% of mammals, 14% of birds, and 40% of amphibians. However, the true numbers could be far higher, as not all species have been evaluated.

A 2019 UN biodiversity report estimated that up to one million species worldwide could face extinction, highlighting the urgent need for conservation. Yet, limited resources often force conservationists to prioritize species based on economic, ecological, or aesthetic value—leaving many vulnerable species without sufficient protection.

Ecosystems supporting endangered species are also disappearing at an alarming rate despite the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in vogue to protect vulnerable species and habitats across the planet. Beyond government efforts, conservation organizations such as the Nature Conservancy, World Wildlife Fund, and Conservation International are playing a crucial role in safeguarding biodiversity.

As global collaboration model remains essential to preserving the planet’s natural ecosystems for future generations, “This approach can be applied to other at-risk species, helping guide habitat restoration and protection on a much larger scale,” Hughes says.

PM Internship Scheme Round 2 Opens with Over One Lakh Opportunities

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The Prime Minister Internship Scheme (PMIS) has launched Round 2 of its pilot phase, opening over one lakh internship opportunities across more than 730 districts, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) announced on Thursday.

Following the overwhelming response of over six lakh applications in Round 1, the scheme continues to target individuals aged 21 to 24 who are not currently enrolled in full-time academic programs or employment, providing them a platform to begin their professional journey.

Interns will receive a monthly financial assistance of Rs 5,000, along with a one-time support of Rs 6,000. Over 300 top companies spanning various sectors—including Oil, Gas and Energy; Banking and Financial Services; Travel and Hospitality; Automotive; Manufacturing; and Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG)—are offering these opportunities to help young professionals gain hands-on experience and build industry networks.

Eligible candidates can browse internships by district, state, sector, and area, with the option to filter opportunities within a customized radius of their current location. In this round, applicants may apply to up to three internships before the deadline.

To promote awareness, over 70 IEC events are being held nationwide at colleges, universities, ITIs, and employment fairs, complemented by digital campaigns and influencer outreach.

The PM Internship Scheme, designed to leverage India’s youth potential, offers 12-month paid internships combining training and professional experience. Interns will undergo at least six months of practical exposure to ensure skill development and real-world application.

Seals Can Serve As ‘Smart Sensors’ to Know Fish Populations in Ocean’s Twilight Zone: Study

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UC Santa Cruz marine biologists have made a groundbreaking discovery, revealing that northern elephant seals can serve as “smart sensors” for monitoring fish populations in the ocean’s twilight zone. The study, led by researcher Roxanne Beltran and published in Science, suggests that tracking the foraging success of these marine mammals could revolutionize our understanding of deep-sea ecosystems and sustainable fisheries management.

For the past 60 years, scientists at UC Santa Cruz have closely monitored elephant seals migrating to Año Nuevo Natural Reserve. With an extensive dataset comprising over 350,000 observations on more than 50,000 seals, researchers have gained invaluable insight into the behavior, foraging success, and population dynamics of these marine giants. Now, this long-term research is shedding light on an oceanic region that remains largely unexplored: the twilight zone.

The twilight zone, located between 200 and 1,000 meters below the ocean’s surface, is a critical but poorly understood ecosystem. It harbors the majority of the planet’s fish biomass, yet current ocean monitoring tools—ships, floating buoys, and satellites—struggle to provide comprehensive data from these depths. Beltran’s study demonstrates that elephant seals, which dive into this zone to feed, can offer real-time insights into fish abundance and distribution, presenting a potential game-changer for marine science and conservation.

“Given the importance of the ocean for climate regulation, carbon sequestration, and food security, it is urgent that we develop new ways to measure changes in marine ecosystems,” said Beltran, an assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at UC Santa Cruz. “Our research shows that elephant seals are not only top predators but also exceptional ecosystem sentinels.”

Each elephant seal embarks on a remarkable journey spanning 6,000 miles over seven months, making an average of 75,000 foraging dives. Tracking just 14 seals per year could provide fish population estimates across a staggering 4.4 million cubic kilometers of ocean. By measuring the weight fluctuations of these seals, researchers can also assess long-term changes in prey abundance, offering valuable data to fisheries managers as commercial fishing extends deeper into the ocean.

This research holds profound implications as discussions intensify around harvesting twilight zone fish to meet the growing demand for protein-rich food. With little known about the potential ecological consequences, experts warn that overfishing this hidden realm could disrupt food chains and impact economically significant species.

“The fish in the twilight zone are crucial prey for commercially valuable species, yet our best estimates of their abundance vary by a factor of ten,” Beltran explained. “If their populations decline, the entire marine ecosystem, including species relied upon by humans, could suffer.”

In addition to its scientific significance, this study also highlights the power of education and collaboration. Fourteen undergraduate students co-authored the paper after participating in an immersive field course at UC Santa Cruz, where they analyzed six decades of elephant seal data. Students conducted research, developed hypotheses, and presented findings, making real contributions to marine science.

“We want students to feel like they are part of a scientific community,” said Allison Payne, a graduate student in Beltran’s lab and teaching assistant for the course. “This experience builds confidence and provides invaluable hands-on training.”

The study also builds on decades of research led by distinguished professors Burney LeBoeuf and Dan Costa. Their work previously uncovered elephant seals’ long-distance migrations and the critical role of maternal foraging success in seal pup survival.

Costa emphasized that only a long-term dataset and a multidisciplinary team—including oceanographers, modelers, and marine biologists—could have achieved this breakthrough. “This research connects elephant seal behavior thousands of miles at sea to their breeding success on land,” he said.

Beltran’s study also demonstrated that elephant seal foraging success aligns with broad-scale oceanographic indices detected by satellites, allowing scientists to estimate fish population trends over the past 50 years and even project them into the future.

“This research provides a crucial ecological baseline for sustainable fisheries and helps assess the impact of human-driven environmental changes,” Beltran concluded.

With the potential to revolutionize marine conservation efforts, the findings underscore the value of long-term ecological research and the extraordinary role elephant seals play in unveiling the ocean’s mysteries.

India to Remain World’s Fastest-Growing Economy in 2025-26: RBI Bulletin

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India’s economic momentum is expected to strengthen in the second half of 2024-25 and continue into 2025-26, according to the latest RBI monthly bulletin. The country remains poised to maintain its status as the fastest-growing major economy, with GDP growth projections of 6.5% (IMF) and 6.7% (World Bank) for 2025-26.

The Union Budget 2025-26 is seen as a balanced approach toward fiscal consolidation and growth, emphasizing capital expenditure and measures to boost household incomes and consumption. The effective capital expenditure-to-GDP ratio is expected to rise to 4.3% in 2025-26 from 4.1% in 2024-25.

Retail inflation eased to a five-month low of 4.3% in January, largely due to declining vegetable prices. Key economic indicators signal a recovery, with improvements in industrial activity, rising tractor sales, increased fuel consumption, and sustained growth in air passenger traffic.

Rural demand remains strong, driven by higher farm incomes, as FMCG sales in rural areas surged 9.9% in Q3 2024-25, compared to 5.7% in Q2. Urban demand also showed improvement, with Q3 growth nearly doubling to 5% from 2.6% in the previous quarter.

Private sector investment intentions remained stable, with project costs sanctioned by banks/financial institutions nearing ₹1 lakh crore in Q3. External commercial borrowings and IPOs for capital expenditure purposes also saw an uptick.

Global uncertainties, including geopolitical tensions and restrictive trade policies, have influenced domestic equity markets, leading to selling pressure from foreign portfolio investors. The Indian rupee, like other emerging market currencies, has depreciated against a strengthening US dollar. However, India’s strong macroeconomic fundamentals and external sector stability have helped it navigate global economic headwinds, the bulletin noted.

Rekha Gupta Sworn In as Delhi’s First BJP CM in 27 Years

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Rekha Gupta was sworn in as Delhi’s Chief Minister at a grand ceremony at Ramlila Maidan on Thursday, marking the BJP’s return to power in the national capital after 27 years. The event was attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, and BJP Chief Ministers from various states.

Gupta becomes Delhi’s fourth woman Chief Minister after Sheila Dikshit, Sushma Swaraj, and Atishi. Her cabinet is expected to include six ministers, with key figures such as Parvesh Singh Verma, Ravinder Indraj Singh, Ashish Sood, Manjinder Singh Sirsa, Kapil Mishra, and Pankaj Kumar Singh taking the oath alongside her.

Parvesh Singh Verma made headlines by defeating former Delhi CM and AAP leader Arvind Kejriwal by over 3,000 votes in the recent elections.

Following her swearing-in, Gupta’s cabinet is expected to convene its first meeting at the Delhi Secretariat around 3 PM. Key policy implementations, including the Mahila Samriddhi Yojana, which provides women beneficiaries with Rs 2,500 per month, and the rollout of the Ayushman Bharat health insurance scheme, are expected to be on the agenda.

South Korea Engages U.S. Over Tariff Concerns

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The South Korean government is actively engaging with the U.S. to address trade uncertainties stemming from new tariff measures, Trade Minister Cheong In-kyo said Thursday.

During a meeting with top industry think tanks—including Samsung, Hyundai, POSCO, and LG—Cheong emphasized the importance of coordinated efforts to navigate U.S. protectionist policies under President Trump.

The U.S. is reportedly considering tariffs on steel, aluminum, and automobiles, raising concerns among its trading partners.

“We are maintaining direct communication channels with the U.S. to mitigate risks and help domestic industries adjust to these evolving trade policies,” Cheong said, calling for stronger industry-government collaboration.

Deputy Trade Minister Park Jong-won is currently in Washington, holding discussions with U.S. officials on the potential impact of Trump’s trade agenda on South Korean industries.

Meanwhile, consumer sentiment in South Korea surged to its highest level in nearly four years, driven by expectations of political stability following recent turmoil. The Bank of Korea’s consumer sentiment index rose to 95.2 in February, marking the largest gain since June 2021.

Trump Admin Plans $50 Billion Pentagon Budget Shake-Up, Eyes Firings

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WASHINGTON, Feb. 20 — The Trump administration is moving to cut $50 billion from the Pentagon budget, reallocating funds to high-priority areas such as border security, according to media reports.

A list of generals and admirals slated for dismissal has been circulated among Republican lawmakers. Acting Deputy Secretary of Defense Robert Salesses has instructed officials to identify cuts and shift resources to initiatives aligned with Trump’s priorities, Military Times reported.

NBC News said the Indo-Pacific region’s budget remains untouched. While earlier reports suggested an 8% reduction in overall military spending, the latest figures indicate the $849.8 billion defense budget will remain intact, with funds being redistributed rather than slashed.

NBC also reported that the targeted firings include officers linked to former Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, those involved in diversity and inclusion programs, and others deemed politically misaligned with Trump’s agenda. It remains unclear whether Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman CQ Brown is on the list.

Trump has already removed Coast Guard chief Admiral Linda Fagan, the highest-ranking woman in U.S. military history.

As part of a broader effort to streamline government operations, numerous Defense Department employees have received termination notices.

Besides Indo-Pacific operations, budget priorities include missile defense, autonomous weapons, and border security. Salesses emphasized Trump’s focus on bolstering missile defense, strengthening border protections, and eliminating what he called “radical and wasteful” diversity initiatives.

 

 

 

Zhuhai Tragedy: 35 Dead, 43 Injured in Car Ramming Incident Over Divorce Settlement Issue

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In a shocking incident that unfolded in the city of Zhuhai, located in south China’s Guangdong Province, a total of 35 people were killed and another 43 injured. The tragedy occurred on Monday at a sports center, where citizens were engaged in their regular exercise routines. The details of the incident were revealed by the local police on Tuesday.

The suspect, a 62-year-old divorced man identified by the surname Fan, was apprehended by the police while attempting to flee the scene. Fan was found in his vehicle, attempting to inflict self-harm with a knife. The responding officers intervened swiftly, preventing further harm and transporting him to the hospital.

Fan’s condition remains critical, with severe injuries to his neck and other areas rendering him unconscious. As a result, he is currently unfit for police questioning. The preliminary investigation conducted by the police suggests that Fan’s actions were motivated by dissatisfaction with the property division outcome of his divorce.

The police authorities have initiated a case against Fan, suspecting him of endangering public safety by dangerous means. He has been placed under criminal detention. As the investigation continues, medical treatment for the injured is also underway.

The incident has sparked widespread concern, with Chinese President Xi Jinping urging all-out efforts to treat the injured. He has also called on localities and relevant authorities to learn from this case and strengthen their prevention and control of risks at the source. Xi emphasized the importance of timely dispute resolution, prevention of extreme cases, and the need to safeguard the security of people’s lives and social stability.

Chinese Premier Li Qiang echoed these sentiments, calling for the appropriate handling of the incident’s aftermath, swift investigation, and severe punishment for the perpetrator in accordance with the law. Following Xi’s instruction, central authorities have dispatched a team to oversee the handling of the case.

The Incident and Its Aftermath

The incident occurred on the eve of the country’s premier aviation exhibition by the People’s Liberation Army, hosted annually in Zhuhai. This has led to speculation about whether the car-ramming incident, targeting a large crowd at a sports center ahead of the opening of the prestigious air show, was aimed at casting a shadow over it.

The sports center in the city district of Xiangzhou, where the incident took place, regularly attracts hundreds of residents for various activities such as running on the track field, playing soccer, and social dancing. Following the incident, the center announced it would be closed until further notice.

Witnesses at the scene described a horrifying scene, with dozens of people lying prone on the running track. Many of those injured were wearing exercise clothing and were attended to by other members of the public. The suspect is said to have driven in a loop, causing injuries in all areas of the running track.

Sensex Falls 318 Points as Auto, IT, and PSU Bank Stocks Drag Market

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Indian equity markets closed lower on Wednesday, with the BSE Sensex dropping 318.76 points, or 0.39%, to settle at 81,501.36, as pressure on auto, IT, and PSU banking stocks outweighed gains in other sectors. The broader NSE Nifty also slipped, ending the session at 24,971.30, down 86.05 points, or 0.34%.

Midcap and smallcap stocks displayed mixed performance. The Nifty Midcap 100 index declined by 141.40 points, or 0.24%, to close at 59,451.85, while the Nifty Smallcap 100 index managed to post a slight gain, closing at 19,304.90, up 2.85 points, or 0.01%. The Nifty Bank index, representing financial stocks, fell by 104.95 points, or 0.20%, ending at 51,801.05.

Auto, IT, and PSU Banks Under Pressure

Sectoral performance reflected a mixed bag, with some sectors showing resilience while others dragged the indices down. The rally was driven by gains in sectors such as financial services, real estate, energy, infrastructure, and oil & gas. However, the overall market sentiment remained subdued as key sectors like auto, IT, public sector banks (PSU), pharmaceuticals, fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), and metals faced heavy selling pressure.

Despite the negative closing, market breadth indicated a more balanced scenario. On the BSE, 2,030 shares ended in the green, while 1,930 shares finished in the red. Additionally, 108 shares remained unchanged, indicating a somewhat neutral stance in the broader market.

Top Gainers and Losers

In the Sensex pack, a handful of stocks managed to defy the downward trend. Leading the gainers were HDFC Bank, Asian Paints, Bharti Airtel, and State Bank of India (SBI), all of which posted modest gains.

On the losing side, major stocks like Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M), Infosys, JSW Steel, Tata Motors, Titan, Kotak Mahindra, and ITC dragged the indices lower. Infosys and JSW Steel emerged as the biggest losers, weighing heavily on the Sensex.

FIIs and DIIs Activity

Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) continued their selling spree, offloading equities worth ₹1,748.71 crore on Tuesday. This marked a consistent trend of selling by foreign investors, adding to the bearish sentiment in the market.

On the domestic front, however, Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs) countered the FII sell-off by increasing their buying activity. DIIs bought equities worth ₹1,654.96 crore on the same day, providing some support to the market and preventing a deeper correction.

Market Sentiment 

Market experts pointed to a cautious trading atmosphere, with concerns over a potential downgrade in FY25 earnings growth affecting investor sentiment. Analysts noted that fears of a slowdown in earnings expansion during Q2FY25, due to weak demand and fluctuating input costs, have led to a negative bias in the market.

“Investors are wary of premium valuations, especially in light of the uncertain earnings outlook for the coming quarters,” said a market analyst. “With demand remaining tepid and volatility in raw material prices, earnings growth is expected to remain slow, which is impacting confidence in the market’s ability to sustain current valuations,” the expert added.

Gold Prices and Global Cues

Amidst the volatility in equity markets, gold prices saw a rise, with traders seeking safe-haven assets. On the Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX), gold prices surged by ₹350, reflecting the global uptick in gold prices. On the international front, Comex gold traded above $2,675, up 0.55%, as traders anticipated that the U.S. Federal Reserve would maintain its stance on interest rate cuts.

Global markets were also closely watching developments in the U.S. economy, with expectations that the Federal Reserve’s future monetary policies would continue to influence market behavior. The outlook for interest rates and inflation in major economies remains a crucial factor for both equity and commodity markets.

While sectors like financial services, energy, and real estate show some promise, weak performance in key areas like IT, auto, and PSU banks could weigh on overall market performance. Traders and investors are likely to remain cautious as they assess the evolving economic landscape both domestically and globally.

Reliance Industries to close Disney India acquisition by Q3 next year

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Reliance Industries Ltd is set to finalize its merger with Disney’s India operations by the close of Q3 FY25, forming India’s largest media conglomerate, valued at over ₹70,000 crore ($8.5 billion), according to regulatory filings.

With approvals from the Competition Commission of India (CCI) and the National Company Law Tribunal, Reliance Industries confirmed in its latest quarterly report that the regulatory hurdles for the merger have been cleared.

“The merger of TV18 Broadcast Ltd. (TV18) and e-Eighteen.com Ltd. (E18) with Network18 Media & Investments Ltd. (Network18) was sanctioned by the National Company Law Tribunal, Mumbai Bench, and became effective on October 3, 2024,” the company said in its Q2 results.

The companies are in the process of securing additional required approvals, with the “record date for determining the equity shareholders of TV18 and E18 entitled to receive Network18 equity shares set for October 16, 2024,” the report added.

On September 27, the Indian government approved the transfer of licenses for non-news TV channels from Reliance to Star India, a key step in the merger, according to reports.

Upon completion, Reliance and its affiliates will hold a 63.16% majority stake in the newly merged entity, while Walt Disney will retain a 36.84% shareholding. Reliance has committed to investing ₹11,500 crore ($1.4 billion) to boost the joint venture.

Nita Ambani will chair the new venture, with media honcho Uday Shankar as the vice-chair. The combined company will have two streaming platforms and 120 television channels, including renowned brands like Comedy Central, MTV, Nickelodeon, and Star network channels.

Tractors Hit Bengaluru Roads Again Amid Flooded Streets After Heavy Rain

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Heavy rainfall on Wednesday flooded several areas of Bengaluru, prompting authorities to deploy tractors to assist residents in waterlogged neighborhoods. The weather office has predicted continuous rain throughout Wednesday and Thursday.

The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) arranged two tractors to transport residents in the severely affected Yelahanka area, particularly at the Kendriya Vihar apartments, where water levels rose to around three feet. A help desk was set up on Tuesday evening to provide essential supplies such as drinking water, milk, bread, and biscuits to affected residents.

BBMP Chief Commissioner Tushar Girinath visited the flooded areas, including the Kendriya Vihar Apartments, and monitored the relief measures. “Two tractors have been arranged to help residents move in and out of the apartment complex,” the BBMP said in a statement. Over 20 officers and staff are working on-site to address the situation.

Girinath also visited the Ramanashree California Layout, where officials were instructed to pump out the water. He noted that from Monday to Tuesday, the city received 30 mm of rain, with an additional 60-70 mm recorded on Tuesday alone.

“The northern parts of Bengaluru have been hit hard by the heavy rains. Lakes are full and overflowing, causing flooding in low-lying areas like Yelahanka. This has been a recurring issue, and we are working on measures to drain the water,” Girinath said.

A virtual meeting was held by the Chief Commissioner earlier in the day, where he instructed all officials to visit the affected areas and work on finding long-term solutions to the flooding.

India – Canada ties hit next level of escalation, 6 Canadian diplomats expelled in response

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In a quick response to Canada’s move, India expelled six Canadian diplomats on Monday, just hours after announcing the withdrawal of its High Commissioner and other key officials from Canada. The move comes as relations between the two nations deteriorate, with India citing Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s ongoing “hostility” towards New Delhi.

The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) issued a statement confirming the expulsion of the diplomats, who have been instructed to leave India by 11:59 p.m. on Saturday, October 19. Among those expelled are Stewart Ross Wheeler, Acting High Commissioner, and several senior officials, including Patrick Hebert, Deputy High Commissioner, and First Secretaries Marie Catherine Joly, Ian Ross David Trites, Adam James Chuipka, and Paula Orjuela.

India’s decision was conveyed to Stewart Wheeler, Canada’s Charge d’Affaires in New Delhi, who was summoned to the MEA. Indian officials condemned what they called the “baseless targeting” of their diplomats in Canada, and expressed deep concern for the safety of Indian representatives amidst what they described as a hostile environment fostered by the Trudeau government.

“The actions of the Trudeau government have created an atmosphere of extremism and violence, jeopardizing the safety of Indian diplomats,” the MEA statement said. “We have lost confidence in the Canadian government’s ability to ensure their security, and thus have made the decision to withdraw our High Commissioner and other targeted officials.”

India’s diplomatic retaliation comes after Ottawa labeled Indian diplomats as “persons of interest” in an ongoing investigation, a claim New Delhi has strongly rejected as “preposterous.” In a strongly-worded response earlier in the day, India accused the Trudeau government of “consciously” allowing extremists and separatists to operate freely in Canada, leading to harassment and intimidation of Indian officials and community leaders.

The MEA also warned that India reserves the right to take further action in response to what it perceives as Canadian support for extremism, violence, and separatism aimed at undermining India’s sovereignty.

The diplomatic rift marks a new low in India-Canada relations, with both countries now recalling high-ranking officials as tensions continue to simmer over issues of security and sovereignty.

Elon Musk Among Top Trump Backers with $75 Million Donation, show Federal Filings

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As expected, X owner and billionaire Elon Musk has contributed approximately $75 million to a pro-Donald Trump political group within just three months, according to federal disclosures made public on Tuesday. The contributions highlight Musk’s increasingly pivotal role in aiding Trump’s bid to reclaim the presidency in the upcoming November 5 election.

The donations, funneled through a group called America PAC, are being used to target voters in key battleground states that could determine the outcome of the election. America PAC reported spending roughly $72 million during the July to September period, positioning itself as the most well-funded pro-Trump organization focused on voter outreach.

Musk, the CEO of Tesla and currently the world’s richest person, is the sole donor to the PAC during this period, according to filings with the Federal Election Commission.

While Trump’s campaign has long relied on external groups to handle voter engagement efforts, Musk’s contributions have amplified his influence within Republican political circles. His financial backing has placed him alongside other high-profile conservative donors such as banking heir Timothy Mellon and casino mogul Miriam Adelson.

Musk’s political shift has raised eyebrows, as he has previously stated that he voted for Democratic candidates in past elections. However, the tech mogul publicly endorsed Trump in July and recently appeared with him at a campaign rally in Pennsylvania, signaling his growing alignment with the former president’s agenda.

The sizable donation marks Musk’s entry into the elite class of Republican megadonors. However, recent reports have suggested that his involvement in conservative politics predates this election cycle. According to a Reuters investigation, Musk has quietly supported right-leaning political groups for years before his public endorsement of Trump.

Neither Musk nor America PAC responded to requests for comment on the recent financial disclosures. The PAC is focused on mobilizing irregular voters who support Trump but may not typically turn out on Election Day—a strategy considered high-stakes and resource-intensive for the campaign.

Mukesh Ambani’s Reliance Industries Pitching for Stake in Karan Johar’s Dharma Productions: ET Report

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Mukesh Ambani’s Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL) is reportedly in discussions to acquire a stake in Dharma Productions, a prominent Bollywood film production house owned by Karan Johar. According to sources quoted by the Economic Times, this potential deal aims to bolster Reliance’s expanding media and entertainment portfolio, although the exact size of the stake under negotiation remains undisclosed.

Karan Johar, who currently owns a 90.7% stake in Dharma Productions, has been looking to monetize his holdings for some time. Previous attempts to sell part of his stake faced challenges due to disagreements over valuation, noted the report.

Founded by Yash Johar in 1979 and now led by his son Karan, Dharma Productions has gained acclaim for producing numerous successful Bollywood films. Its notable hits include the 1980 film Dostana, the critically acclaimed Agneepath in 1990, and romantic comedies like Kuch Hota Hai and Kal Ho Naa Ho. Recent successes include the biopics Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl and Sher Shah, released in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In addition, the company launched subsidiaries like Dharma 2.0 in 2016 for advertising and Dharmatic Entertainment for OTT content production in 2018.

For Reliance Industries, this acquisition enables to widen its footprint in India’s content production sector. RIL’s media and entertainment division combines already Jio Studios, Network18 Media & Investments, Colosceum Media, and the CNBC Group, besides digital platforms like First Post, Moneycontrol.com, and Voot. Additionally, in 2017, Reliance acquired a 24.9% minority stake in Balaji Telefilms.

Jio Studios has emerged as one of India’s largest film studios, recently achieving success with Star 2, which became the highest-grossing Hindi film.

Dharma Productions presents an appealing opportunity for Reliance due to its strong brand and impressive track record in Bollywood. In FY23, the production house reported a revenue increase to ₹1,040 crore, despite a 59% drop in net profit primarily due to rising operational costs.

As competition from OTT platforms intensifies and content production costs escalate, companies like Dharma are seeking partnerships to achieve financial stability and adapt to the evolving market landscape.