Tag Archives: Songs

What makes a hit? On Tiktok and Spotify, listeners only partly decide

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TikTok is built for people to create and share their own content, so dance music and indie artists fill the platform’s Top 100. On Spotify, love songs and music from major record labels dominate its top charts. On both platforms, people’s preferences only partly explain what songs become hits.

A new University of California, Davis, study examined how the data-driven business models of TikTok and Spotify shape both the music artists make, and the songs people listen to. The study was published Feb. 27 in the journal Information, Communication & Society, and co-authored by researchers from Renmin University of China, Chinese University of Hong Kong and Tsinghua University.

“Hit song charts represent both user feedback and selections curated by the platforms’ algorithms that also influence users’ choices,” said Cuihua (Cindy) Shen, a UC Davis professor of communication and the study’s corresponding author. “By publishing hit song charts, platforms are declaring what songs are visible and dominant.”

How hits happen

TikTok is a global leader in user-generated short videos, frequently featuring remixes and clips of popular songs. Spotify is a major player in distributing full-length albums. With TikTok’s roughly 1.6 billion monthly active users and Spotify’s 675 million, both platforms serve massive and truly global audiences.

In analyzing differences between the platforms and 2020-22 data from their respective Top 100 hit song charts, researchers found significant differences in what makes a hit.

On TikTok, popularity was driven more by dance genres that suit the platform’s emphasis on user engagement and its popular “dance challenges,” which promotes user videos featuring specific songs and dance moves.

On Spotify, songs about relationships were popular, while songs about politics were unpopular. Spotify had more hit songs produced by major labels and songs in the pop and hip-hop/rap/trap genres. It had a lower proportion of songs from R&B/soul and dance genres.

In the study, TikTok’s Top 100 charts — during the two years analyzed — had 321 songs compared to 1,707 on Spotify. Only 68 hit songs appeared on both platforms within the two-year study period, and a majority entered and exited Spotify’s daily Top 100 charts more quickly than on TikTok.

Different platforms, different hits

TikTok and Spotify differ from traditional media such as radio and even MTV. On both apps, user data, such as clicks and subscriptions, are fed into the platforms’ algorithms and influence the music that artists create to meet demand.

This study highlights how the differences between the two platforms affect what makes a Top 100 hit. Spotify focuses on streaming full-length music and provides detailed metadata, including lyrics. TikTok features clipped snippets of songs that serve as background to users’ video content.

“Our study suggests that Spotify acts as a primary distribution channel while TikTok serves as a space for creative re-interpretation,” said Shen.

Songs of hope rise from Gaza’s ruins

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Among them is Ahmed Abu Amsha, a music teacher who has become something of a humanitarian troubadour.

Fleeting moments of joy

Living in a worn tent with his family, he refuses to let despair drown out hope. Instead, he teaches music to displaced children, helping them find moments of joy through rhythm and song.

Originally from Beit Hanoun, Abu Amsha is a guitar instructor and regional coordinator at the Edward Said National Conservatory of Music. Since the war began, his family has been displaced 12 times. Each time they fled, they took their instruments.

“They’re the only thing that keeps us hopeful,” he said, sitting beside bottles of water outside his tent, a guitar resting gently in his lap.

UN Video | Music amid the rubble: A Gazan musician plants seeds of hope

Daily horror

Daily life in the camp is a grind of hardship – narrow alleys, water queues, a constant struggle to survive. Yet within this bleakness, Abu Amsha has created something extraordinary: Gaza Bird Singing (GBS), a musical group made up of displaced children with budding talents.

The idea came during a period of displacement in Al-Mawasi, Khan Younis, where he began training children to sing and play. The group has since performed in various camps, their music echoing on social media and offering a rare glimpse of hope amid rubble.

Clinging to music

His son Moein, who plays the ney – an end-blown wind instrument similar to a flute – carries his instrument wherever they go. “We’ve been displaced more than 11 times, and I always carry my ney with me. It’s the only thing that helps me forget the sound of the bombing,” he said.

Finding a quiet space is hard, but they try to practise inside their tent, cocooned from chaos.

For Yara, a young violinist learning under Abu Amsha’s guidance, each new displacement deepens her anxiety. “But whenever I’m scared, I play. Music makes me feel safe,” she said.

Under the tarpaulin roofs of the camp, children gather to play, plucking strings, blowing wind instruments, tapping rhythms into existence – trying to transcend the horrific soundtrack of war.

Ahmed Abu Amsha (right, with guitar) surrounded by children who play, sing and learn music.

Sacred space

In a place stripped of necessities, the sound of music feels both surreal and sacred.

Yet Abu Amsha remains steadfast in his mission. “We sing for peace, we sing for life, we sing for Gaza,” he says softly, as the melody of the oud rises behind him – a fragile beauty in a scene shattered by war.

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