SCIENCE

NASA ranks 2022 as 5th warmest year, NOAA says 6th highest since 1880

warm

NASA said earth’s average surface temperature in 2022 tied with 2015 as the fifth warmest year on record and the situation is “alarming”. However, another study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) termed 2022 as the sixth highest since 1880. The global temperatures in 2022 were 1.6-degree Fahrenheit (0.89-degree Celsius) above the average for NASA’s baseline period (1951-1980), ...

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Fossils reveal dinosaurs of prehistoric Patagonia

dinos

A study by the University of Texas at Austin is providing a glimpse into dinosaur and bird diversity in Patagonia during the Late Cretaceous, just before the non-avian dinosaurs went extinct. The fossils represent the first record of theropods — a dinosaur group that includes both modern birds and their closest non-avian dinosaur relatives — from the Chilean portion of ...

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Genetic Mutation in Kids? Blame it on Old Father’s sperms

baby crying

A study by Rockefeller University scientists has nailed down reasons why older male fruit flies are more likely to pass mutations onto their offspring, with implications for a similar impact in humans with inherited diseases. Since male reproductive system acts as the pivotal point for new genes, new mutations are inherited from fathers than from mothers, said the study though ...

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Two fungi work together to kill fig trees; leads to fig-wilting disease

Ceratocystis ficicola/CREDIT:Zi-Ru Jiang and Hisashi Kajimura

In many countries, the number of fig trees have been declining. While there are numerous explanations, one key problem is fig-wilting disease. A recognized cause of this disease is a fungus, Ceratocystis ficicola, which is transmitted by an ambrosia beetle, Euwallacea interjectus. Now, a group from Nagoya University in central Japan has identified another fungus, Fusarium kuroshium, which is harmless ...

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Watching water droplets merge on the International Space Station

Droplets (on the centimeter scale) merge during an experiment on the International Space Station./CREDIT:Josh McCraney

Understanding how water droplets spread and coalesce is essential for scenarios in everyday life, such as raindrops falling off cars, planes, and roofs, and for applications in energy generation, aerospace engineering, and microscale cell adhesion. However, these phenomena are difficult to model and challenging to observe experimentally. In Physics of Fluids, by AIP Publishing, researchers from Cornell University and Clemson University designed ...

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Before Hitler, Jewish community faced violence many times: DNA Study

Ancient DNA of Jews

Based on genome sequence data from six individuals excavated from the base of a medieval well at a site in Norwich, UK, a revised radiocarbon analysis of the assemblage has been prepared with these individuals being part of a historically attested episode of antisemitic violence on 6 February 1190 CE. Researchers found that four of these individuals were closely related ...

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Edward Stone: 50 Years at NASA ends, but his brainchild Voyager’s Project goes on

Edward Stone

Stone’s remarkable tenure on NASA’s longest-operating mission spans decades of historic discoveries and firsts. Edward Stone has retired as the project scientist for NASA’s Voyager mission a half-century after taking on the role. Stone accepted scientific leadership of the historic mission in 1972, five years before the launch of its two spacecraft, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. Under his guidance, the Voyagers explored the four ...

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Using chirality for faster, smaller, and more efficient data storage devices

Two chiral molecules on chiral spin structures in a magnetic thin film

Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) are pursuing a completely new and unconventional strategy to improve the way data can be processed and – in particular – stored. The team members, based in Mainz and Jerusalem, have come up with the idea of bringing together two different forms of chirality to develop new data storage systems that are faster, ...

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NASA’s Swift, Fermi missions detect exceptional cosmic blast

NASA

Astronomers around the world are captivated by an unusually bright and long-lasting pulse of high-energy radiation that swept over Earth Sunday, Oct. 9. The emission came from a gamma-ray burst (GRB) – the most powerful class of explosions in the universe – that ranks among the most luminous events known. On Sunday morning Eastern time, a wave of X-rays and ...

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NASA: Are you in an area of Lucy then take a photograph, post it to social media

Lucy Spacecraft

On Oct. 16, at 7:04 a.m. EDT, NASA’s Lucy spacecraft, the first mission to the Jupiter Trojan asteroids, will skim the Earth’s atmosphere, passing a mere 220 miles (350 kilometers) above the surface. By sling-shotting past Earth on the first anniversary of its launch, Lucy will gain some of the orbital energy it needs to travel to this never-before-visited population ...

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Sound reveals ‘Ocean giants’ dance with wind to find food

A study by MBARI researchers and their collaborators published today in Ecology Letters sheds new light on the movements of mysterious, endangered blue whales. The research team used a directional hydrophone on MBARI’s underwater observatory, integrated with other advanced technologies, to listen for the booming vocalizations of blue whales. They used these sounds to track the movements of blue whales and learned ...

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b-type procyanidin-rich foods consumed in right amounts have multiple health benefits

B-type procyanidins

B-type procyanidins, made of catechin oligomers, are a class of polyphenols found abundantly in foods like cocoa, apples, grape seeds, and red wine. Several studies have established the benefits of these micronutrients in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and strokes. B-type procyanidins are also successful in controlling hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. Studies attest to the physiological benefits of ...

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2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Former Berkeley Lab scientist Carolyn Bertozzi wins

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and K. Barry Sharpless “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.” Bertozzi, a professor of chemistry at Stanford University, is the eighth woman to be awarded the prize. From 1996 to 2015, before joining Stanford, she was a faculty scientist ...

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Human ‘blastoids’ offer medical hope but also deep ethical challenges

The study of blastoids, a research model of an early embryo derived from stem cells rather than from a father’s sperm or a mother’s egg, offers great hope for researchers investigating why pregnancies are lost at an early stage, what causes birth defects, and other topics related to early human development. Their use potentially avoids the challenges of scarcity and ...

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VMC is biomarker of ageing for nematode; what is its role in Humans?

We all grow old and die, but we still don’t know why. Diet, exercise and stress all effect our lifespan, but the underlying processes that drive ageing remain a mystery. Often, we measure age by counting our years since birth and yet our cells know nothing of chronological time—our organs and tissues may age more rapidly or slowly regardless of ...

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Scientists sequence world’s largest pangenome to help unlock genetic mysteries behind finer silk

Silk worms

BGI Genomics, in collaboration with Southwest University, the State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, and other partners, has constructed a high-resolution pangenome dataset representing almost the entire genomic content in a silkworm. Previously, due to the scarcity of wild silkworms and technical limitations of former studies, many trait-associated sites were missing. This is the first research ever to digitize ...

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‘Mystery gene’ matures the skeleton of the cell

Microscopy image of actine. (Actine is yellow, cell core is blue)

“I’m a professional pin-in-a-haystack seeker,” geneticist Thijn Brummelkamp responds when asked why he excels at tracking down proteins and genes that other people did not find, despite the fact that some have managed to remain elusive for as long as forty years. His research group at the Netherlands Cancer Institute has once again managed to track down one of these “mystery ...

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Webb Telescope, Hubble Telescope Capture Detailed images of DART Impact

Two of NASA’s Great Observatories, the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope, have captured views of a unique NASA experiment designed to intentionally smash a spacecraft into a small asteroid in the world’s first-ever in-space test for planetary defense. These observations of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) impact mark the first time that Webb and Hubble ...

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Astronomers Detect Protective Shield Defending Pair of ‘Dwarf Galaxies’ with help of FUSE, Hubble

For billions of years, the Milky Way’s largest satellite galaxies – the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds – have followed a perilous journey. Orbiting one another as they are pulled in toward our home galaxy, they have begun to unravel, leaving behind trails of gaseous debris. And yet – to the puzzlement of astronomers – these dwarf galaxies remain intact, with ongoing vigorous star ...

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